Dai Yu, Yu Wenqiang, Cheng Yushan, Zhou Yao, Zou Jiaye, Meng Yujia, Chen Feiyu, Qian Yihan, Yao Yong
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2025 Feb 4;61(12):2484-2495. doi: 10.1039/d4cc05660d.
Nanomaterials possess unique size characteristics, enabling them to cross tissue gaps, penetrate the blood-brain barrier and endothelial cells, and release drugs at the cellular level. Additionally, the surface of nanomaterials is readily functionalized, endowing them with good biocompatibility, low biotoxicity, and specific targeting. All these advantages render nanomaterials broad application prospects in tumor therapy. Pillar[5]arenes are a new category of macrocyclic host compounds featuring rich host-guest properties and diverse environmental responses. In recent years, by combining the advantages of pillar[5]arenes and nanomaterials, the application of pillar[5]arene-based nanomaterials in tumor therapy has drawn extensive attention from scientists. In this review, we summarize five distinct types of pillar[5]arene-based nanomaterials: (1) pillar[5]arene-modified inorganic nanomaterials; (2) pillar[5]arene-modified organic porous materials; (3) pillar[5]arene-modified organic/inorganic hybrid materials; (4) nanomaterials self-assembled from pillar[5]arene-based host-guest complexes; (5) nanomaterials self-assembled from amphiphilic pillar[5]arenes. Moreover, the different tumor treatment modes of these nanomaterials, including chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, gene therapy, and multimodal synergistic therapy, are also elaborated in detail.
纳米材料具有独特的尺寸特性，使其能够跨越组织间隙、穿透血脑屏障和内皮细胞，并在细胞水平释放药物。此外，纳米材料的表面易于功能化，赋予它们良好的生物相容性、低生物毒性和特异性靶向性。所有这些优点使得纳米材料在肿瘤治疗中具有广阔的应用前景。柱[5]芳烃是一类新型的大环主体化合物，具有丰富的主客体性质和多样的环境响应性。近年来，通过结合柱[5]芳烃和纳米材料的优点，基于柱[5]芳烃的纳米材料在肿瘤治疗中的应用引起了科学家们的广泛关注。在这篇综述中，我们总结了五种不同类型的基于柱[5]芳烃的纳米材料：（1）柱[5]芳烃修饰的无机纳米材料；（2）柱[5]芳烃修饰的有机多孔材料；（3）柱[5]芳烃修饰的有机/无机杂化材料；（4）由基于柱[5]芳烃的主客体复合物自组装而成的纳米材料；（5）由两亲性柱[5]芳烃自组装而成的纳米材料。此外，还详细阐述了这些纳米材料的不同肿瘤治疗模式，包括化疗、光动力疗法、光热疗法、基因疗法和多模态协同疗法。
