Isinelli Giorgia, Failla Sharon, Plebani Roberto, Prete Alessandro
Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
Med Int (Lond). 2024 Dec 20;5(2):13. doi: 10.3892/mi.2024.212. eCollection 2025 Mar-Apr.
The limitations of two-dimensional (2D) models in cancer research have hindered progress in fully understanding the complexities of drug resistance and therapeutic failures. However, three-dimensional (3D) models provide a more accurate representation of environments, capturing critical cellular interactions and dynamics that are essential in evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). These advanced models enable researchers to explore drug resistance mechanisms with greater precision, optimizing treatment strategies and improving the predictive accuracy of clinical outcomes. By leveraging 3D models, it will be possible to deepen the current understanding of TKIs and drive forward innovations in cancer treatment. The present review discusses the limitations of 2D models and the transformative impact of 3D models on oncology research, highlighting their roles in addressing the challenges of 2D systems and advancing TKI studies.
二维（2D）模型在癌症研究中的局限性阻碍了全面理解耐药性和治疗失败复杂性方面的进展。然而，三维（3D）模型能更准确地呈现环境，捕捉关键的细胞相互作用和动态变化，这些对于评估酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKIs）的疗效和毒性至关重要。这些先进模型使研究人员能够更精确地探索耐药机制，优化治疗策略并提高临床结果的预测准确性。通过利用3D模型，有可能加深目前对TKIs的理解并推动癌症治疗的创新。本综述讨论了2D模型的局限性以及3D模型对肿瘤学研究的变革性影响，强调了它们在应对2D系统挑战和推进TKI研究方面的作用。
