Du Rong, Wu Ruilong, Li Jing, Jiang Jiayan, Zhou Hengyi, Gao Jingrong, Zhao Qi
School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Shanghai Institute of Occupational Disease for Chemical Industry, Shanghai 200041, China.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Dec 30;13(1):46. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13010046.
Given the demographic shift towards an older population, it is crucial to understand the determinants and implications of psychological distress among this demographic group. This study explores the relationship between health self-management and psychological distress in older Chinese adults, focusing on the mediating role of general self-efficacy (GSE).
We conducted a cross-sectional study in five districts of Shanghai from 1 November to 31 December 2021, employing a random cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the Health Self-Management Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and the Kessler-10 Scale. Out of 2050 participants approached, 1905 completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 91.76%. Data analysis included correlation studies, hierarchical linear regression, and structural equation modeling.
The average Kessler-10 score among elderly individuals in Shanghai was 15.59 ± 6.35. Of these, 22.10% had mild psychological distress, 11.92% had moderate stress, and 5.30% had severe stress. We found significant negative correlations between psychological distress and health self-management (r = -0.34, < 0.05) and GSE (r = -0.26, < 0.05). Health self-management had a total effect of -0.284 (95%CI: -0.330 to -0.234) on psychological distress, with GSE mediating approximately 20.42% of this effect.
GSE plays a significant mediating role between health self-management and psychological distress. These findings highlight the importance of promoting health self-management and GSE to alleviate psychological distress among older adults in Shanghai. This approach could enhance holistic health outcomes and improve the quality of life within this growing population segment.
鉴于人口结构向老龄化转变，了解这一人群心理困扰的决定因素及影响至关重要。本研究探讨了中国老年成年人健康自我管理与心理困扰之间的关系，重点关注一般自我效能感（GSE）的中介作用。
我们于2021年11月1日至12月31日在上海五个区进行了一项横断面研究，采用随机整群抽样方法。使用健康自我管理量表、一般自我效能量表（GSES）和凯斯勒10项心理困扰量表收集数据。在2050名被调查者中，1905人完成了调查，回复率为91.76%。数据分析包括相关性研究、分层线性回归和结构方程模型。
上海老年人的凯斯勒10项量表平均得分为15.59±6.35。其中，22.10%有轻度心理困扰，11.92%有中度压力，5.30%有重度压力。我们发现心理困扰与健康自我管理（r = -0.34，<0.05）和GSE（r = -0.26，<0.05）之间存在显著负相关。健康自我管理对心理困扰的总效应为-0.284（95%CI：-0.330至-0.234），GSE介导了该效应的约20.42%。
GSE在健康自我管理和心理困扰之间起着重要的中介作用。这些发现凸显了促进健康自我管理和GSE以减轻上海老年人心理困扰的重要性。这种方法可以改善整体健康状况，提高这一不断增长的人群的生活质量。
