关于身体伤害的法律源于对身体各部位价值的共同直觉。
Laws about bodily damage originate from shared intuitions about the value of body parts.
作者信息
Wee Yunsuh Nike, Sznycer Daniel, Krems Jaimie Arona
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
出版信息
Sci Adv. 2025 Jan 10;11(2):eads3688. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ads3688.
From the biblical to the medieval wergild system and modern workers' compensation laws, laws about bodily damage may originate from cognitive mechanisms that capitalize on an enduring regularity: Different body parts vary in their incremental contributions to human functionality. To evaluate this hypothesis, we conducted a preregistered study with materials based on five legal codes from highly diverse cultures and historical eras: the Law of Æthelberht (Kent, approximately 600 CE), the Guta lag (Gotland, approximately 1220 CE), and workers' compensation laws from the United States, the Republic of Korea, and the United Arab Emirates; and 614 laypeople from the United States and India. The data indicate ordinal agreement in the values attached to body parts by ancient and modern lawmakers, as well as by laypeople in the United States and India. The observed agreement across time, space, and levels of legal expertise suggests that laws about bodily damage originate from shared intuitions about the value of body parts.
从圣经律法到中世纪的偿命金制度以及现代的工伤赔偿法，有关身体损伤的法律可能源自利用一种持久规律的认知机制：不同身体部位对人类功能的增量贡献各不相同。为了评估这一假设，我们基于来自高度多样化文化和历史时期的五部法典开展了一项预先注册的研究：《埃塞尔伯特法典》（肯特，约公元600年）、《古塔兰法典》（哥特兰岛，约公元1220年），以及美国、韩国和阿拉伯联合酋长国的工伤赔偿法；并招募了来自美国和印度的614名普通民众。数据表明，古代和现代立法者以及美国和印度的普通民众对身体部位所赋予的价值存在顺序上的一致性。观察到的跨越时间、空间和法律专业水平的一致性表明，有关身体损伤的法律源自对身体部位价值的共同直觉。
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