Liu Ni, Zhang Tianjiao, Zhao Wei, Zhao Xuechao, Xue Yuan, Deng Qihong
College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
Ageing Res Rev. 2025 Feb;104:102658. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2025.102658. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and cognitive impairments. A significant challenge in managing PD is the variability of symptoms and disease progression rates. This variability is primarily attributed to unclear biomarkers associated with the disease and the lack of early diagnostic technologies and effective imaging methods. PD-specific biomarkers are essential for developing practical tools that facilitate accurate diagnosis, patient stratification, and monitoring of disease progression. Hence, creating valuable tools for detecting and diagnosing PD based on specific biomarkers is imperative. Blood testing, less invasive than obtaining cerebrospinal fluid through a lumbar puncture, is an ideal source for these biomarkers. Although such biomarkers were previously lacking, recent advancements in various detection techniques related to PD biomarkers and new imaging methods have emerged. However, basic research requires more detailed guidelines on effectively implementing these biomarkers in diagnostic procedures to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of PD blood testing in clinical practice. This review discusses the developmental trends of PD-related blood biomarker detection technologies, including optical analysis platforms. Despite the progress in developing various biomarkers for PD, their specificity and sensitivity remain suboptimal. Therefore, the integration of multimodal biomarkers along with optical and imaging technologies is likely to significantly improve diagnostic accuracy and facilitate the implementation of personalized medicine. This review forms valid research hypotheses for PD research and guides future empirical studies.
帕金森病（PD）是一种神经退行性疾病，其特征为运动和认知障碍。管理帕金森病的一个重大挑战是症状和疾病进展速度的变异性。这种变异性主要归因于与该疾病相关的生物标志物不明确以及缺乏早期诊断技术和有效的成像方法。特定于帕金森病的生物标志物对于开发有助于准确诊断、患者分层和疾病进展监测的实用工具至关重要。因此，基于特定生物标志物创建用于检测和诊断帕金森病的有价值工具势在必行。血液检测比通过腰椎穿刺获取脑脊液侵入性小，是获取这些生物标志物的理想来源。尽管以前缺乏此类生物标志物，但与帕金森病生物标志物相关的各种检测技术和新的成像方法最近已有所进展。然而，基础研究需要更详细的指南，以有效地在诊断程序中应用这些生物标志物，从而提高帕金森病血液检测在临床实践中的诊断准确性。本综述讨论了与帕金森病相关的血液生物标志物检测技术的发展趋势，包括光学分析平台。尽管在开发各种帕金森病生物标志物方面取得了进展，但其特异性和敏感性仍然欠佳。因此，将多模式生物标志物与光学和成像技术相结合可能会显著提高诊断准确性，并促进个性化医疗的实施。本综述为帕金森病研究形成了有效的研究假设，并指导未来的实证研究。
