Chaudhari Pinal, Lewis Shaila A, Ghate Vivek
University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2025 Apr;48(2):102367. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2025.102367. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
The eye is a highly sensitive and vital component that significantly affects human quality of life. Diseases that affect the eye are major contributors to visual impairment and blindness and can have a profound effect on an individual's well-being. Ocular drug delivery is challenging because of physiological and anatomical barriers. Invasive Intravitreal administration is primarily used for the treatment and management of posterior segmental disease. However, frequent intravitreal administration is associated with adverse effects. Furthermore, topical administration results in less than 5% ocular bioavailability, leading to a void in the safe and efficacious management of posterior segment diseases. Nanocarrier-based systems have been well explored as ocular therapeutics to overcome the sub-therapeutic management attributed to conventional eye drops and physiological and anatomical barriers. Since the first report of nanoparticles to date, the nanocarrier system has come a long way with the simplicity and versatility offered by the system. Significant progress has been made in the development of noninvasive nanocarrier systems and their interactions with the ocular surface. The nanocarrier system enhances precorneal retention, limits nontherapeutic absorption, and offers controlled drug release. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent advancements in noninvasive nanocarrier-based topical ocular drug delivery systems, including their interaction with the ocular surface, the barriers to their translation to clinical settings, and the associated scale-up challenges.
眼睛是一个高度敏感且至关重要的器官，对人类生活质量有着重大影响。影响眼睛的疾病是导致视力损害和失明的主要原因，会对个人的健康产生深远影响。由于生理和解剖学屏障的存在，眼部药物递送具有挑战性。侵入性玻璃体内给药主要用于治疗和管理后节段疾病。然而，频繁的玻璃体内给药会带来不良反应。此外，局部给药导致的眼部生物利用度低于5%，这使得后节段疾病的安全有效治疗存在空白。基于纳米载体的系统已被广泛研究作为眼部治疗药物，以克服传统眼药水治疗效果不佳以及生理和解剖学屏障问题。自首次报道纳米颗粒以来，纳米载体系统凭借其提供的简单性和多功能性取得了长足的发展。在非侵入性纳米载体系统的开发及其与眼表的相互作用方面取得了重大进展。纳米载体系统可增强角膜前滞留、限制非治疗性吸收并实现药物的控释。本综述旨在概述基于非侵入性纳米载体的局部眼部药物递送系统的最新进展，包括它们与眼表的相互作用、转化为临床应用的障碍以及相关的放大生产挑战。
