Szymański Norbert, Wilczyński Sławomir, Kowalczyk Jan, Kowalkowski Wojciech
Department of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 46, Krakow, 31-425, Poland.
Department of Forest Ecosystem Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 46, Krakow, 31-425, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 11;15(1):1656. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-85652-5.
The study assessed the sensitivity of 20 provenances of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) growing at provenance experimental trials located in lowland (Siemianice) and upland (Bliżyn) climate in Central Poland to air temperature and precipitation, including drought. The measure of the tree' sensitivity was their radial growth reactions, i.e. changes in the radial growth in years 1971-2015. We found that rainwater supplies in a soil stored in autumn of the previous year, length of the growing season and thermal conditions in its beginning, as well as thermal and moisture conditions of the year of tree ring formation had a significant impact on the wood volume formed by the larches, regardless of their origin and climatic region in which they grew. The degree of homogeneity of tree' radial growth reactions to precipitation deficit and high temperature was the lowest in a warmer and drier climate in the lowlands in Central Poland. Larch provenances with the lowest and the highest values of drought resilience components (resistance, recovery, resilience, relative resilience of radial growth) originated in different regions of Poland. Greater resistance to drought was observed in larch provenances growing at the trial located in the uplands. The relative resilience index seems to be the most helpful in predicting the future radial growth reactions of the studied provenances, and consequently their viability and survival, as this index showed the highest variability among trees of a given provenance and was most often significantly different between pairs of provenances.
该研究评估了生长在波兰中部低地（希缅尼采）和高地（布利任）气候条件下的种源试验林中的20个欧洲落叶松（Larix decidua Mill.）种源对气温和降水（包括干旱）的敏感性。树木敏感性的衡量指标是它们的径向生长反应，即1971 - 2015年期间径向生长的变化。我们发现，前一年秋季土壤中的雨水供应量、生长季节的长度及其开始时的热条件，以及年轮形成年份的热条件和湿度条件，对落叶松形成的木材体积有显著影响，无论其起源和生长的气候区域如何。在波兰中部低地温暖干燥的气候条件下，树木对降水不足和高温的径向生长反应的同质程度最低。干旱恢复力组成部分（抗性、恢复力、弹性、径向生长的相对弹性）值最低和最高的落叶松种源来自波兰的不同地区。在高地试验林中生长的落叶松种源对干旱的抗性更强。相对弹性指数似乎最有助于预测所研究种源未来的径向生长反应，进而预测它们的活力和存活情况，因为该指数在给定种源的树木之间显示出最高的变异性，并且在不同种源对之间最常存在显著差异。
