Zhang Lei, Tang Jie, Zhou Qianqian, Song Yu, Zhang Dayong
School of Economy and Management, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Taizhou, 317000, China.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Jan 10;25(1):124. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-21324-3.
In the context of public health emergencies, the presence of medical and health talents (MHT) is critically important for support in any country or region. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal distributions and evolution of MHT in China and propose strategies and recommendations for promoting a balanced distribution.
This research used data from 31 provinces in China to construct a multidimensional index system for measuring the agglomeration level of MHT. The indices include talent agglomeration density (TAD), talent agglomeration scale (TAS), talent agglomeration intensity (TAI), and talent agglomeration equilibrium (TAE). Using provincial data from the years 1982, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, a spatiotemporal analysis of the MHT agglomeration levels was conducted. Furthermore, the regional dynamic distribution of MHT was analyzed using kernel density estimation diagrams. The spatial autocorrelation of MHT was assessed through global and local Moran's I, and the spatial gap and decomposition of MHT were analyzed using the Dagum Gini coefficient.
From the temporal level, the TAD and TAI of MHT showed an increasing trend over the studied period, whereas TAS decreased and TAE first increased and then decreased from 1982 to 2020. At the spatial level, the TAD, TAS, TAI, and TAE of MHT exhibited varied patterns among the eastern, central, and western regions of China, showing significant geographical disparities, generally demarcated by the Hu Huanyong Line. The regional dynamic distribution level of MHT in the country and the three regions were expanding. Spatial autocorrelation analysis using global and local Moran's I for TAD, TAS, TAI, and TAE demonstrated significant regional differences. The Dagum Gini coefficient of TAD, TAS, TAI, and TAE revealed divergent trends in regional disparities, with overall declines in disparities for TAD and TAI, a slight increase for TAS, and fluctuating patterns for TAE.
From a temporal perspective, the overall number of MHT in China has been increasing annually at the national and provincial levels. From the spatial perspective, TAD, TAS, TAI, and TAE exhibit significant differences among the three regions. Kernel analysis reveals that the distribution differences are gradually expanding in national level and varying in regional level. Moreover, the global and local Moran's I indices reveal varying spatial autocorrelation for TAD, TAS, TAI, and TAE. The Dagum Gini coefficients of TAD, TAS, TAI, and TAE show different patterns of decomposition.
在突发公共卫生事件背景下，医疗卫生人才的存在对任何国家或地区的支持都至关重要。本研究旨在分析中国医疗卫生人才的时空分布及演变情况，并提出促进均衡分布的策略和建议。
本研究使用中国31个省份的数据构建了一个多维指标体系，用于衡量医疗卫生人才的集聚水平。这些指标包括人才集聚密度（TAD）、人才集聚规模（TAS）、人才集聚强度（TAI）和人才集聚均衡度（TAE）。利用1982年、1990年、2000年、2010年和2020年的省级数据，对医疗卫生人才的集聚水平进行了时空分析。此外，使用核密度估计图分析了医疗卫生人才的区域动态分布。通过全局和局部莫兰指数评估了医疗卫生人才的空间自相关性，并使用达古姆基尼系数分析了医疗卫生人才的空间差距和分解情况。
从时间层面来看，在研究期间，医疗卫生人才的TAD和TAI呈上升趋势，而TAS下降，TAE从1982年到2020年先上升后下降。在空间层面，医疗卫生人才的TAD、TAS、TAI和TAE在中国东部、中部和西部地区呈现出不同的模式，显示出显著的地理差异，大致以胡焕庸线为界。全国及三个地区医疗卫生人才的区域动态分布水平均在扩大。对TAD、TAS、TAI和TAE使用全局和局部莫兰指数进行的空间自相关性分析显示出显著的区域差异。TAD、TAS、TAI和TAE的达古姆基尼系数揭示了区域差距的不同趋势，TAD和TAI的差距总体下降，TAS略有上升，TAE呈现波动模式。
从时间角度看，中国全国和省级层面的医疗卫生人才总数逐年增加。从空间角度看，TAD、TAS、TAI和TAE在三个地区之间存在显著差异。核分析表明，全国层面的分布差异在逐渐扩大，区域层面则各不相同。此外，全局和局部莫兰指数显示TAD、TAS、TAI和TAE的空间自相关性各不相同。TAD、TAS、TAI和TAE的达古姆基尼系数呈现出不同的分解模式。
