Zhao Zheng-Nan, Ru Shao-Feng
School of Economics and Management, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
Western China Economic Development Research Center, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2024 Oct 8;45(10):5853-5867. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202312039.
In the context of regional coordinated development and modernization of ecological and environmental governance capacity, the spatial collaborative governance of transboundary river basins has received extensive attention, but the ecological compensation of river basins is faced with the intertwined relationship of rights and responsibilities, and the horizontal ecological compensation mechanism has not yet been perfected. Based on the emergy ecological footprint model, the ecological compensation amount of 90 cities in the Yellow River Basin in 2007-2021 was measured, and the spatiotemporal pattern, regional differences, and dynamic evolution characteristics of distribution were explored by combining exploratory spatial data analysis, Dagum Gini coefficient, kernel density estimation, and spatial Markov chain analysis. The results showed that： ① The spatiotemporal pattern of ecological compensation in the Yellow River Basin was different, the ecological compensation amount decreased slightly in the fluctuation and increased from the northwest to southeast gradient in general, and the high-value areas were concentrated in the areas with a superior ecological background or developed economy, and some upstream cities had given up many development opportunities to maintain the ecological security of the Yellow River Basin, however, failed to obtain reasonable ecological compensation. ② A significant positive spatial agglomeration phenomenon was observed in ecological compensation and the overall spatial distribution trend was "cold in the north and hot in the south." The number of low-payment areas and low-compensation areas gradually decreased, showing a gradually shrinking agglomeration layout from the periphery to the center, whereas the number of high-payment areas and high-compensation areas continued to increase and formed a spatial evolution characteristic of the coexistence of scattered distribution and group distribution. ③ The overall regional differences in ecological compensation expanded. The over-variation density was the main source of the overall differences, and the focus on alleviating the intra-regional and inter-regional differences was located in the downstream areas. ④ A slight multi-level differentiation phenomenon was present in ecological compensation. The influence of different neighbors on the horizontal transfer of ecological compensation was quite different. This spatial spillover effect easily formed a "space club convergence" phenomenon within a certain geographical spatial range, but with the expansion of time, the probability of maintaining the original level of ecological compensation in each city decreased, and mobility gradually increased. Therefore, increasing the investment in ecological compensation in different fields, strengthening the coordinated development between regions, and giving full play to the spatial spillover effect are important ways to solve the current spatial imbalance of ecological compensation in the Yellow River Basin.
在区域协调发展和生态环境治理能力现代化背景下，跨界流域空间协同治理受到广泛关注，但流域生态补偿面临权责交织关系，横向生态补偿机制尚不完善。基于能值生态足迹模型，测度了2007—2021年黄河流域90个城市的生态补偿量，并结合探索性空间数据分析、达古姆基尼系数、核密度估计和空间马尔可夫链分析，探究了分布的时空格局、区域差异及动态演变特征。结果表明：①黄河流域生态补偿时空格局各异，生态补偿量在波动中略有下降，总体上从西北向东南梯度递增，高值区集中在生态背景优越或经济发达地区，部分上游城市为维护黄河流域生态安全放弃诸多发展机遇，但未获得合理生态补偿。②生态补偿存在显著的正向空间集聚现象，总体空间分布趋势为“北冷南热”。低支付区和低补偿区数量逐渐减少，呈现出从外围向中心逐渐收缩的集聚布局，而高支付区和高补偿区数量持续增加，形成了离散分布与组团分布并存的空间演变特征。③生态补偿总体区域差异扩大。超变密度是总体差异的主要来源，缓解区域内和区域间差异的重点位于下游地区。④生态补偿存在轻微的多层次分化现象。不同邻域对生态补偿横向转移的影响差异较大。这种空间溢出效应易在一定地理空间范围内形成“空间俱乐部收敛”现象，但随着时间推移，各城市维持原有生态补偿水平的概率降低，流动性逐渐增强。因此，增加不同领域生态补偿投入、加强区域间协调发展、充分发挥空间溢出效应是解决当前黄河流域生态补偿空间失衡问题的重要途径。
