Mozer Annika, Di-Nizo Camilla Bruno, Consul Albia, Huettel Bruno, Jäger Richard, Akintayo Ayodélé, Erhardt Christoph, Fenner Lena, Fischer Dominik, Forat Sophia, Gimnich France, Grobe Peter, Martin Sebastian, Nathan Vikram, Saeed Ammar, von der Mark Laura, Woehle Christian, Olek Klaus, Misof Bernhard, Astrin Jonas J
Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany.
Max-Planck-Genome-centre Cologne, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany.
Mol Ecol Resour. 2025 May;25(4):e14062. doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.14062. Epub 2025 Jan 10.
Illegal wildlife trade is a growing problem internationally. Poaching of animals not only leads to the extinction of populations and species but also has serious consequences for ecosystems and economies. This study introduces a molecular marker system that authorities can use to detect and substantiate wildlife trafficking. SNPSTR markers combine short tandem repeats with single nucleotide polymorphisms within an amplicon to increase discriminatory power. Within the FOGS (Forensic Genetics for Species Protection) project, we have established SNPSTR marker sets for 74 vertebrate species. On average, each set consists of 19 SNPSTR markers with 82 SNPs per set. More than 1300 SNPSTR markers and over 300 STR markers were identified. Also, through its biobanking pipeline, the FOGS project enabled the cryopreservation of somatic cells from 91 vertebrate species as well as viable tissues for later cell initiation from a further 109 species, providing future strategies for ex situ conservation. In addition, many more fixed tissues and DNA samples of endangered species were biobanked. Therefore, FOGS was an interdisciplinary study, combining molecular wildlife forensics and conservation tools. The SNPSTR sets and cell culture information are accessible through the FOGS database (https://fogs-portal.de/data) that is open to scientists, researchers, breeders and authorities worldwide to protect wildlife from illegal trade.
非法野生动物贸易在国际上是一个日益严重的问题。偷猎动物不仅会导致种群和物种的灭绝，还会对生态系统和经济造成严重后果。本研究引入了一种分子标记系统，当局可利用该系统检测和证实野生动物贩运行为。SNPSTR标记将短串联重复序列与扩增子内的单核苷酸多态性相结合，以提高鉴别能力。在“物种保护法医遗传学”（FOGS）项目中，我们已经为74种脊椎动物建立了SNPSTR标记集。平均而言，每个标记集由19个SNPSTR标记组成，每个标记集有82个单核苷酸多态性。识别出了1300多个SNPSTR标记和300多个STR标记。此外，通过其生物样本库流程，FOGS项目实现了对91种脊椎动物的体细胞以及另外109种动物的用于后续细胞起始的活组织进行冷冻保存，为迁地保护提供了未来策略。此外，还将更多濒危物种的固定组织和DNA样本存入了生物样本库。因此，FOGS是一项跨学科研究，结合了分子野生动物法医鉴定和保护工具。SNPSTR标记集和细胞培养信息可通过FOGS数据库（https://fogs-portal.de/data）获取，该数据库向全球的科学家、研究人员、养殖者和当局开放，以保护野生动物免受非法贸易的侵害。
