Pagnani Giancarlo, Lorenzo Alfredo, Occhipinti Nausicaa, Antonucci Lisa, D'Egidio Sara, Stagnari Fabio, Pisante Michele
Department of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini, 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Dec 29;14(1):76. doi: 10.3390/plants14010076.
The phenomenon known as "dimming" or shading, caused by the increase in aerosols, air pollutants, and population density, is reducing global radiation, including both direct solar radiation and radiation scattered by the atmosphere. This phenomenon poses a significant challenge for agricultural production in many regions worldwide, with a global radiation decrease estimated between 1.4% and 2.7% per decade in areas between 25° N and 45° N. In particular, in Mediterranean regions, the production of durum wheat ( L. subsp. ) is increasingly constrained by abiotic factors, such as spring/summer heat stress and drought, as well as reductions in solar radiation. Field experiments were conducted in Mosciano Sant'Angelo, Italy, over two cropping seasons (2016-2017 and 2017-2018) to evaluate the effects of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) availability and nitrogen (N) fertilization on durum wheat. A split-plot design was used with two PAR levels (100% and 20% PAR) and three N rates (0, 100, and 250 kg ha). Results highlighted that full sunlight (NoSh) significantly increased grain yield (+25%), thousand kernel weight (+46%), and total gluten fractions (+16%) compared to shaded conditions (Sh). Chlorophyll content and NDVI values were highest under Sh combined with 250 kg N ha. Rainfall patterns strongly influenced productivity, with better vegetative growth in 2016-2017 and improved grain filling in 2017-2018. Nitrogen application significantly enhanced grain protein content, particularly under arid conditions. These findings emphasize the interaction between light availability and nitrogen management, suggesting that optimizing these factors can improve yield and quality in durum wheat under Mediterranean conditions.
由气溶胶、空气污染物和人口密度增加所导致的“变暗”或遮蔽现象，正在减少全球辐射，包括直接太阳辐射和大气散射辐射。这一现象给全球许多地区的农业生产带来了重大挑战，据估计，在北纬25°至45°之间的地区，全球辐射每十年下降1.4%至2.7%。特别是在地中海地区，硬粒小麦（L.亚种）的生产越来越受到非生物因素的限制，如春夏热应激和干旱，以及太阳辐射的减少。在意大利的莫西亚诺圣安杰洛进行了两个种植季节（2016 - 2017年和2017 - 2018年）的田间试验，以评估光合有效辐射（PAR）可利用性和氮肥施用对硬粒小麦的影响。采用裂区设计，设置两个PAR水平（100%和20% PAR）和三个施氮量（0、100和250 kg/公顷）。结果表明，与遮荫条件（Sh）相比，全光照（NoSh）显著提高了籽粒产量（+25%）、千粒重（+46%）和总面筋含量（+16%）。叶绿素含量和归一化植被指数（NDVI）值在250 kg N/公顷的遮荫条件下最高。降雨模式对生产力有强烈影响，2016 - 2017年营养生长较好，2017 - 2018年籽粒灌浆改善。施氮显著提高了籽粒蛋白质含量，特别是在干旱条件下。这些发现强调了光照可利用性与氮管理之间的相互作用，表明优化这些因素可以提高地中海条件下硬粒小麦的产量和品质。
