Yang Tingting, Rehman Abdul, Yan Suhui, Chen Juan, Li Jing, Zhang Xiao, Li Wenyang
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture and Functional Food, Agronomy College of Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China.
Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Lixiahe Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu, Yangzhou, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Mar 25;16:1543407. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1543407. eCollection 2025.
This study examined the effects of nitrogen (N) application rates and weak light treatment post anthesis on the grain yield and starch physicochemical characteristics of soft wheat. The soft wheat varieties Quanmai 725 (QM725) and Yangmai 15 (YM15) were used as study materials under field conditions, and the experiments were conducted during 2022-2023. During the grain filling stage (7-35 days post anthesis), three shading levels were set: 10% shading (S1), 20% shading (S2) and 30% shading (S3), with natural light conditions used as the control (CK). In 2023-2024, two N application rates (120 kg/hm [N1] and 180 kg/hm [N2]) and the abovementioned three shading treatments for each N application rate were set during the filling stage. The effects of weak light treatment post anthesis on the grain yield and yield components of soft wheat were analyzed. Moreover, the mitigation effects of different N application rates on the grain yield and starch physicochemical characteristics of wheat were examined. The results showed that N application increased wheat yield and yield components as well as the content of starch and its components, whereas weak light treatment decreased these parameters under the same N application rate. Under N1 and N2 conditions, weak light treatment post anthesis significantly reduced the volume, surface area percentage and number of B-type starch granules (particle size ≤10 μm) and increased those of A-type starch granules (particle size >10 μm). Enhanced N application rates significantly improved the gelatinization characteristics and thermodynamic characteristics of wheat starch. Under the same conditions of N1 and N2, weak light treatment significantly reduced the gelatinization characteristics of wheat starch, such as peak viscosity, trough viscosity and final viscosity. Although the enthalpy of wheat starch was increased, its onset temperature, peak temperature and end temperature were significantly reduced, which affected the quality of wheat grains and eventually led to a decrease in wheat yield. However, enhanced N application rates increased the grain yield and starch physicochemical characteristics of wheat. Under the same N application rate, weak light treatment post anthesis reduced the content of starch and its components in wheat grains, which in turn affected the wheat grain weight. The effect was more pronounced in wheat B-type starch granules than in A-type starch granules.
本研究考察了施氮量和花后弱光处理对软质小麦籽粒产量及淀粉理化特性的影响。以软质小麦品种泉麦725（QM725）和扬麦15（YM15）为研究材料，于田间条件下开展试验，试验在2022 - 2023年进行。在籽粒灌浆期（花后7 - 35天），设置三个遮光水平：10%遮光（S1）、20%遮光（S2）和30%遮光（S3），以自然光照条件作为对照（CK）。在2023 - 2024年，设置两个施氮量（120 kg/hm² [N1]和180 kg/hm² [N2]），并在灌浆期对每个施氮量设置上述三种遮光处理。分析了花后弱光处理对软质小麦籽粒产量及产量构成因素的影响。此外，考察了不同施氮量对小麦籽粒产量及淀粉理化特性的缓解效应。结果表明，施氮提高了小麦产量、产量构成因素以及淀粉及其组分的含量，而在相同施氮量下，弱光处理降低了这些参数。在N1和N2条件下，花后弱光处理显著降低了B型淀粉粒（粒径≤10μm）的体积、表面积百分比和数量，增加了A型淀粉粒（粒径>10μm）的体积、表面积百分比和数量。提高施氮量显著改善了小麦淀粉的糊化特性和热力学特性。在N1和N2的相同条件下，弱光处理显著降低了小麦淀粉的糊化特性，如峰值黏度、低谷黏度和最终黏度。虽然小麦淀粉的焓值增加，但其起始温度、峰值温度和结束温度显著降低，这影响了小麦籽粒品质并最终导致小麦产量下降。然而，提高施氮量增加了小麦的籽粒产量和淀粉理化特性。在相同施氮量下，花后弱光处理降低了小麦籽粒中淀粉及其组分的含量，进而影响了小麦粒重。该效应在小麦B型淀粉粒中比在A型淀粉粒中更为明显。
