Lis-Kuberka Jolanta, Berghausen-Mazur Marta, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz Magdalena
Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Neonatology, J. Gromkowski Provincial Specialist Hospital, Koszarowa 5, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 24;26(1):40. doi: 10.3390/ijms26010040.
Adipokines related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are an emerging area of interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between GDM and adipokine levels in human milk. This was an observational cohort study targeting mothers with gestational diabetes, which evaluated the association of maternal hyperglycemia severity, classified as GDM-G1 (diet treatment) and GDM-G2 (insulin treatment), with colostral adipokines involved in pro- and anti-inflammatory processes. Colostrum was collected from hyperglycemic (N = 34) and normoglycemic (N = 26) mothers, and adipokine levels were determined by immunoenzymatic assay. Among anti-inflammatory adipokines, only for irisin and vaspin, but not for obestatin and adropin, were significantly different levels noted between the GDM-G1, GDM-G2 and non-GDM cohorts. Colostrum of the GDM-G2 subgroup contained more vaspin (4.77 ng/mL) than that of normoglycemic mothers (3.12 ng/mL) and more irisin (26.95 μg/mL) than in the GDM-G1 subgroup (17.59 μg/mL). The levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines, namely, dermcidin, chemerin and visfatin, were at similar levels irrespective of maternal glycemia. Moreover, irisin showed a negative correlation with dermcidin in GDM-G2 and non-GDM cohorts. Associations were observed between colostral irisin and maternal preconception BMI, dermcidin and gestational age, and vaspin and maternal age. This study provides evidence that the way of restoring glucose homeostasis in pregnant women has an impact on the anti-inflammatory adipokines irisin and vaspin, but not on obestatin and adropin. GDM, regardless of severity, did not influence the colostral pro-inflammatory adipokines visfatin, chemerin and dermcidin.
与妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）相关的脂肪因子是一个新兴的研究领域。本研究的目的是评估GDM与母乳中脂肪因子水平之间的关联。这是一项针对妊娠期糖尿病母亲的观察性队列研究，评估了被分类为GDM-G1（饮食治疗）和GDM-G2（胰岛素治疗）的母亲高血糖严重程度与参与促炎和抗炎过程的初乳脂肪因子之间的关联。从高血糖母亲（N = 34）和血糖正常母亲（N = 26）中收集初乳，并通过免疫酶测定法测定脂肪因子水平。在抗炎脂肪因子中，仅鸢尾素和内脂素在GDM-G1、GDM-G2和非GDM队列之间存在显著不同水平，而肥胖抑制素和内源性促食欲素则没有。GDM-G2亚组的初乳中内脂素（4.77 ng/mL）含量高于血糖正常母亲（3.12 ng/mL），鸢尾素（26.95 μg/mL）含量高于GDM-G1亚组（17.59 μg/mL）。促炎脂肪因子，即皮肤杀菌肽、瑞连蛋白和内脂素，其水平与母亲血糖水平无关，处于相似水平。此外，在GDM-G2和非GDM队列中，鸢尾素与皮肤杀菌肽呈负相关。观察到初乳鸢尾素与母亲孕前BMI、皮肤杀菌肽与胎龄以及内脂素与母亲年龄之间存在关联。本研究提供的证据表明，孕妇恢复葡萄糖稳态的方式对抗炎脂肪因子鸢尾素和内脂素产生影响，但对肥胖抑制素和内源性促食欲素没有影响。无论严重程度如何，GDM均不影响初乳促炎脂肪因子内脂素、瑞连蛋白和皮肤杀菌肽。
