Wahaab Abdul, Mustafa Bahar E, Hameed Muddassar, Batool Hira, Tran Nguyen Minh Hieu, Tawaab Abdul, Shoaib Anam, Wei Jianchao, Rasgon Jason L
Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 24;26(1):47. doi: 10.3390/ijms26010047.
Flaviviruses pose a major public health concern across the globe. Among them, Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging and reemerging arthropod-borne flavivirus that has become a major international public health problem following multiple large outbreaks over the past two decades. The majority of infections caused by ZIKV exhibit mild symptoms. However, the virus has been found to be associated with a variety of congenital neural abnormalities, including microcephaly in children and Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults. The exact prediction of the potential of ZIKV transmission is still enigmatic and underlines the significance of routine detection of the virus in suspected areas. ZIKV transmission from mother to fetus (including fetal abnormalities), viral presence in immune-privileged areas, and sexual transmission demonstrate the challenges in understanding the factors governing viral persistence and pathogenesis. This review illustrates the transmission patterns, epidemiology, control strategies (through vaccines, antivirals, and vectors), oncolytic aspects, molecular insights into neuro-immunopathogenesis, and other neuropathies caused by ZIKV. Additionally, we summarize in vivo and in vitro models that could provide an important platform to study ZIKV pathogenesis and the underlying governing cellular and molecular mechanisms.
黄病毒在全球范围内构成重大公共卫生问题。其中，寨卡病毒（ZIKV）是一种新出现且再度出现的节肢动物传播黄病毒，在过去二十年中多次大规模爆发后，已成为一个重大的国际公共卫生问题。ZIKV引起的大多数感染表现为轻微症状。然而，已发现该病毒与多种先天性神经异常有关，包括儿童小头畸形和成人吉兰 - 巴雷综合征。ZIKV传播潜力的确切预测仍然不明，这凸显了在疑似地区对该病毒进行常规检测的重要性。ZIKV从母亲到胎儿的传播（包括胎儿异常）、免疫特权区域中的病毒存在以及性传播，都表明在理解控制病毒持续存在和发病机制的因素方面存在挑战。本综述阐述了ZIKV的传播模式、流行病学、控制策略（通过疫苗、抗病毒药物和病媒）、溶瘤方面、对神经免疫发病机制的分子见解以及由ZIKV引起的其他神经病变。此外，我们总结了体内和体外模型，这些模型可为研究ZIKV发病机制以及潜在的细胞和分子调控机制提供重要平台。
