Advances in Whole Genome Sequencing: Methods, Tools, and Applications in Population Genomics.

With the rapid advancement of high-throughput sequencing technologies, whole genome sequencing (WGS) has emerged as a crucial tool for studying genetic variation and population structure. Utilizing population genomics tools to analyze resequencing data allows for the effective integration of selection signals with population history, precise estimation of effective population size, historical population trends, and structural insights, along with the identification of specific genetic loci and variations. This paper reviews current whole genome sequencing technologies, detailing primary research methods, relevant software, and their advantages and limitations within population genomics. The goal is to examine the application and progress of resequencing technologies in this field and to consider future developments, including deep learning models and machine learning algorithms, which promise to enhance analytical methodologies and drive further advancements in population genomics.