Corrias Francesco, Scano Efisio, Milia Massimo, Atzei Alessandro, Casula Mattia, Arru Nicola, Angioni Alberto
Food Toxicology Unit, Department of Life and Environmental Science, University of Cagliari, University Campus of Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy.
Faculty of Agraria, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Foods. 2024 Dec 25;14(1):13. doi: 10.3390/foods14010013.
Artichoke ( L.) is an herbaceous perennial plant from the Mediterranean Basin, cultivated as a poly-annual crop in different countries. Artichoke produces a considerable amount of waste at the end of the harvesting season in the field (5.2 tons/ha/year, DW) and from the industrial processing of fresh-cut products during the harvesting time (800 tons/year). The qualitative and quantitative phenolic profile and inulin content of artichoke samples from the field and industrial processing waste have been investigated after green extraction. The best operative conditions were achieved using the dried biomass extracted with water at 80 °C for 120 min and a matrix-to-solvent ratio of 1:30. The data obtained showed that the concentration of total polyphenols in fresh artichokes followed this order: stems > heads > leaves > outer bracts. Chlorogenic acid and 3,4 di-O-caffeoylquinic acid were the most concentrated caffeoylquinic derivates, whereas luteolin 7-O-malonyglucoside, luteolin 7-O-glucoside and 7-O-rutinoside were the most abundant flavonoids. The artichoke by-products showed high polyphenolic and inulin values, thus representing an important source of health-promoting biomolecules for application in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical fields. According to the principles of circular economy, the work scheme proposed in this article, the use of waste and its processing into useful products such as nutraceutical supplies could provide a practical and economic opportunity for companies and farmers involved in the cultivation and industrial processing of artichokes.
洋蓟（L.）是一种来自地中海盆地的多年生草本植物，在不同国家作为多年生作物种植。洋蓟在田间收获季节结束时会产生大量废弃物（5.2吨/公顷/年，干重），并且在收获期鲜切产品的工业加工过程中也会产生废弃物（800吨/年）。对来自田间和工业加工废弃物的洋蓟样品进行绿色提取后，研究了其酚类成分的定性和定量以及菊粉含量。使用在80℃下用水提取120分钟且基质与溶剂比例为1:30的干燥生物质可实现最佳操作条件。所获得的数据表明，新鲜洋蓟中总多酚的浓度遵循以下顺序：茎＞头状花序＞叶＞外苞片。绿原酸和3,4-二-O-咖啡酰奎尼酸是含量最高的咖啡酰奎尼酸衍生物，而木犀草素7-O-丙二酰葡萄糖苷、木犀草素7-O-葡萄糖苷和7-O-芸香糖苷是含量最丰富的黄酮类化合物。洋蓟副产品显示出较高的多酚和菊粉值，因此是用于制药和化妆品领域的促进健康生物分子的重要来源。根据循环经济原则，本文提出的工作方案，即利用废弃物并将其加工成有用产品（如营养保健品），可为参与洋蓟种植和工业加工的公司和农民提供切实可行的经济机会。
