Kleniewska Paulina, Pawliczak Rafał
Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 24;17(1):16. doi: 10.3390/nu17010016.
Asthma (a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways) is characterized by a variable course, response to treatment, and prognosis. Its incidence has increased significantly in recent decades. Unfortunately, modern lifestyle and environmental factors contribute to the further increase in the incidence of this disease. Progressive industrialization and urbanization, widespread use of antibiotic therapy, excessive sterility and inappropriate, highly processed diets are some of the many risk factors that are relevant today. Over the years, a lot of evidence has been gathered showing the influence of microorganisms of the gut or airways on human health. Studies published in recent years indicate that dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) and oxidative stress (pro-oxidant-antioxidant imbalance) are important elements of the pathogenesis of this inflammatory disease. Scientists have attempted to counteract the effects of this process by using probiotics, prebiotics, and antioxidants. The use of probiotic microorganisms positively modulates the immune system by maintaining homeostasis between individual fractions of immune system cells. Moreover, recently conducted experiments have shown that probiotics have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and protective properties in oxidative stress (OS). The aim of this study is to present the current state of knowledge on the role of dysbiosis and OS in the pathogenesis of asthma. This review highlights the importance of using probiotics, prebiotics, and antioxidants as potential strategies to support the treatment and prevention of this disease.
哮喘（一种气道慢性炎症性疾病）具有病程、治疗反应和预后多变的特点。近几十年来，其发病率显著上升。不幸的是，现代生活方式和环境因素导致该疾病发病率进一步增加。渐进的工业化和城市化、抗生素疗法的广泛使用、过度的无菌环境以及不当的高度加工饮食是当今众多相关风险因素中的一部分。多年来，已经收集了大量证据表明肠道或气道微生物对人类健康的影响。近年来发表的研究表明，生态失调（微生物失衡）和氧化应激（促氧化剂 - 抗氧化剂失衡）是这种炎症性疾病发病机制的重要因素。科学家们试图通过使用益生菌、益生元 和抗氧化剂来对抗这一过程的影响。益生菌微生物的使用通过维持免疫系统细胞各部分之间的稳态来积极调节免疫系统。此外，最近进行的实验表明，益生菌在氧化应激（OS）中具有抗氧化、抗炎和保护特性。本研究的目的是介绍关于生态失调和氧化应激在哮喘发病机制中作用的当前知识状态。这篇综述强调了使用益生菌、益生元和抗氧化剂作为支持该疾病治疗和预防的潜在策略的重要性。
