Minagawa-Watanabe Yuki, Ukawa Shigekazu, Fukumura Tomoe, Okabayashi Satoe, Ando Masahiko, Wakai Kenji, Tsushita Kazuyo, Tamakoshi Akiko
Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
Agency for Health, Safety and Environment, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 26;17(1):37. doi: 10.3390/nu17010037.
Community-dwelling older adults are at risk of malnutrition due to age-related declines in energy and nutrient intake. While the positive effect of dining companions on energy and nutrient intake has been suggested, evidence remains inconclusive. This study investigated the association between the number of dining companions and energy and nutrient intake, as well as the contribution of specific food groups to higher intake in the presence of dining companions.
This cross-sectional study included 2865 community-dwelling older adults. The number of dining companions was assessed through self-administered questionnaires and categorized into three groups (none, 1, ≥2). Dietary intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to control for potential confounders.
Participants dining with two or more companions consumed significantly more energy (β 143.85; 95% CI: 30.05, 257.65; for trend = 0.01), protein (β 6.32; 95% CI: 1.05, 11.59), fat (β 6.78; 95% CI: 2.44, 11.12; for trend = 0.002), and carbohydrates (β 17.43; 95% CI: 1.48, 33.37; for trend = 0.06) compared to those dining alone. They also consumed higher amounts of rice, fats and oils, meat, other vegetables, fruits, and mushrooms.
Dining with two or more companions is associated with greater energy and nutrient intake, particularly from energy- and nutrient-dense foods. Encouraging shared meals could serve as a potential approach to support dietary quality and address risks of malnutrition in older adults.
由于与年龄相关的能量和营养摄入下降，社区居住的老年人存在营养不良风险。虽然有研究表明用餐同伴对能量和营养摄入有积极影响，但证据仍不确凿。本研究调查了用餐同伴数量与能量和营养摄入之间的关联，以及在有用餐同伴的情况下特定食物组对更高摄入量的贡献。
这项横断面研究纳入了2865名社区居住的老年人。通过自行填写的问卷评估用餐同伴的数量，并将其分为三组（无、1名、≥2名）。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷评估饮食摄入量，并进行多变量回归分析以控制潜在的混杂因素。
与独自用餐的参与者相比，与两名或更多同伴一起用餐的参与者摄入的能量（β 143.85；95%可信区间：30.05，257.65；趋势检验P = 0.01）、蛋白质（β 6.32；95%可信区间：1.05，11.59）、脂肪（β 6.78；95%可信区间：2.44，11.12；趋势检验P = 0.002）和碳水化合物（β 17.43；95%可信区间：1.48，33.37；趋势检验P = 0.06）显著更多。他们还摄入了更多的大米、油脂、肉类、其他蔬菜、水果和蘑菇。
与两名或更多同伴一起用餐与更多的能量和营养摄入相关，尤其是来自能量和营养密集型食物的摄入。鼓励共同用餐可能是支持老年人饮食质量和解决营养不良风险的一种潜在方法。
