Department of Sociology and Computational Social Science Institute, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 200 Hicks Way, Thompson Hall, Amherst, MA 01003-9277, United States.
Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, United States.
Appetite. 2018 Aug 1;127:203-213. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.03.020. Epub 2018 Mar 27.
Though eating with others is often a social behavior, relationships between social contexts of eating and nutrient intake have been underexplored. This study evaluates how social aspects of eating - frequencies of eating meals with others, meals prepared at home, and meals outside the home - are associated with nutrient intake. Because diet improvement can reduce complications of diabetes mellitus, we surveyed a multi-ethnic cohort of persons with type 2 diabetes (n = 770) about social aspects of diet (based on 24-hour recalls). Sex-stratified multiple regression analyses adjusted for confounders assessed the relationship between frequency of eating with others and nutrient intake (total energy, energy from fat, energy from carbohydrates, Healthy Eating Index/HEI, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension/DASH score). Although there was slight variation in men's versus women's propensity to share meals, after adjustment for confounders, there was no consistently significant association between meals with others and the 5 nutrient intake measures for either men or women. The directions of association between categories of eating with others and diet quality (HEI and DASH scores) - albeit not significant - were different for men (positive) and women (mostly negative), which warrants further investigation. The next analyses estimated nutrient intake associated with meals prepared at home, and meals consumed outside the home. Analyses indicated that greater meal frequency at home was associated with significantly better scores on diet quality indices for men (but not women), while meal frequency outside the home was associated with poorer diet quality and energy intake for women (but not men). Better measurement of social dimensions of eating may inform ways to improve nutrition, especially for persons with diabetes for whom diet improvement can result in better disease outcomes.
尽管与他人一起用餐通常是一种社交行为，但饮食的社会环境与营养摄入之间的关系尚未得到充分探索。本研究评估了与他人一起用餐的频率、在家准备的餐食以及外出用餐等饮食的社会方面与营养摄入之间的关系。由于改善饮食可以减少糖尿病并发症，我们调查了一个多民族的 2 型糖尿病患者队列（n=770），了解他们的饮食社会方面（基于 24 小时回忆）。按性别分层的多元回归分析调整了混杂因素，评估了与他人一起用餐的频率与营养素摄入（总能量、脂肪能量、碳水化合物能量、健康饮食指数/HEI、停止高血压的饮食方法/DASH 评分）之间的关系。尽管男性和女性与他人一起用餐的倾向略有差异，但在调整混杂因素后，与他人一起用餐的频率与男性或女性的 5 种营养素摄入测量值之间没有始终存在显著关联。与他人一起用餐的类别与饮食质量（HEI 和 DASH 评分）之间的关联方向（尽管不显著）对男性（正相关）和女性（大多为负相关）不同，这值得进一步研究。接下来的分析估计了与在家准备的餐食和外出用餐相关的营养素摄入。分析表明，男性在家用餐频率越高，饮食质量指数得分显著提高（但女性并非如此），而女性外出用餐频率越高，饮食质量越差，能量摄入越高（但男性并非如此）。更好地测量饮食的社会维度可能有助于改善营养，特别是对于那些饮食改善可以改善疾病结果的糖尿病患者。
