社区居住的食欲不振老年人的饮食特点：一项横断面分析。

Dietary characteristics of community-dwelling older adults with poor appetite: a cross-sectional analysis.

机构信息

Institute for Biomedicine of Ageing, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany.

Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

出版信息

Age Ageing. 2024 May 11;53(Suppl 2):ii4-ii12. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afae040.

DOI:10.1093/ageing/afae040

PMID:38745488

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11094405/

Abstract

RATIONALE

Poor appetite is considered a key factor in the development of malnutrition, a link that can be explained by alterations in dietary intake. Given the limited data on dietary characteristics in community-dwelling older adults with poor appetite, the present study aimed to examine whether poor appetite is associated with lower nutrient intake and more unfavourable food choices.

METHODS

In 569 participants of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam aged ≥70 years appetite was assessed using the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire and dichotomised into normal (>14) and poor (≤14). Intake of energy, 19 nutrients, 15 food groups, the Dutch Healthy Diet Index 2015 (DHD15) and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) were calculated from a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary differences between appetite groups were examined using Mann-Whitney U test and binary logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.

RESULTS

Mean age was 78 ± 6 years and 52% were female. Appetite was poor in 12.5% of participants. Energy intake was 1951 (median; quartiles 1-3: 1,653-2,384) kcal/day with no difference between appetite groups. Poor appetite was associated with lower intake of protein (OR 0.948, 95%CI 0.922-0.973), folate (0.981, 0.973-0.989), zinc (0.619, 0.454-0.846), vegetables (0.988, 0.982-0.994) and lower scores of DHD15 (0.964, 0.945-0.983) and MDS (0.904, 0.850-0.961), as well as higher intake of carbohydrates (1.015, 1.006-1.023), and vitamins B2 (4.577, 1.650-12.694) and C (1.013, 1.005-1.021).

CONCLUSIONS

Community-dwelling older adults with poor appetite showed poorer diet quality with a lower intake of protein, folate, zinc and vegetables, compared with those reporting normal appetite and should be advised accordingly.

摘要

理由

食欲不振被认为是营养不良发展的一个关键因素，这种联系可以通过饮食摄入的改变来解释。鉴于社区居住的食欲不振的老年人的饮食特征数据有限，本研究旨在探讨食欲不振是否与较低的营养摄入和更不利的食物选择有关。

方法

在阿姆斯特丹纵向老龄化研究的 569 名年龄≥70 岁的参与者中，使用简化营养食欲问卷评估食欲，并将其分为正常（>14）和食欲不振（≤14）。从食物频率问卷中计算出能量、19 种营养素、15 种食物组、2015 年荷兰健康饮食指数（DHD15）和地中海饮食评分（MDS）。使用 Mann-Whitney U 检验和二元逻辑回归调整潜在混杂因素来检查食欲组之间的饮食差异。

结果

平均年龄为 78±6 岁，52%为女性。12.5%的参与者食欲不佳。能量摄入量为 1951（中位数；四分位数 1-3：1653-2384）千卡/天，食欲组之间无差异。食欲不振与蛋白质摄入较低（OR 0.948，95%CI 0.922-0.973）、叶酸（0.981，0.973-0.989）、锌（0.619，0.454-0.846）、蔬菜（0.988，0.982-0.994）以及 DHD15 评分较低（0.964，0.945-0.983）和 MDS 评分较低（0.904，0.850-0.961）有关，而碳水化合物摄入较高（1.015，1.006-1.023）、维生素 B2（4.577，1.650-12.694）和 C（1.013，1.005-1.021）。