Jagim Andrew R, Merfeld Brandon R, Ambrosius Abby, Carpenter Makenna, Fields Jennifer B, Jones Margaret T
Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
Exercise & Sport Science Department, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 31;17(1):133. doi: 10.3390/nu17010133.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Adherence to sports-specific nutritional guidelines can help optimize athlete performance and health. However, adolescent athletes may not have adequate nutrition knowledge and understanding of specific nutritional requirements. The objective of the current study was to examine the nutrition knowledge and perceived dietary requirements of adolescent athletes.
Male (n = 29, age: 15.7 ± 1.3 yrs.; height: 178.9 ± 8.3 cm; body mass: 74.7 ± 17.2 kg; body fat %: 13.9 ± 7.9%) and female (n = 15, age: 16.5 ± 1.4 yrs.; height: 169.9 ± 6.5 cm; body mass: 63.3 ± 4.5 kg; body fat %: 23.7 ± 3.8%) secondary school student-athletes completed body composition testing (hydrostatic weighing) and electronic surveys (Abridged Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (ASNKQ); self-perception of dietary energy and macronutrient requirements).
Athletes demonstrated poor sports nutrition knowledge, with no differences observed between sexes for the number of questions answered correctly (males: 45.1 ± 9.8% vs. females: 43.1 ± 12.7%; = 0.57). No relationships were observed between ASNKQ scores and body composition parameters or between ASNKQ scores and self-reported perception of dietary energy and macronutrient requirements ( > 0.05). Athletes self-reported a lower perceived energy (-560 ± 1272 kcal/d; = 0.014) and carbohydrate intake (-73 ± 376 g/d; = 0.014) requirement compared to calculated nutritional recommendations. Athletes self-reported a higher perceived protein intake (263 ± 586 g/d; = 0.026) requirement compared to calculated nutritional requirements.
The current sample of adolescent athletes from the secondary school level appears to have a poor level of sports nutrition knowledge and understanding of energy and macronutrient requirements.
背景/目的：遵循特定运动项目的营养指南有助于优化运动员的表现和健康状况。然而，青少年运动员可能没有足够的营养知识，也不了解特定的营养需求。本研究的目的是调查青少年运动员的营养知识以及他们对饮食需求的认知情况。
男（n = 29，年龄：15.7 ± 1.3岁；身高：178.9 ± 8.3厘米；体重：74.7 ± 17.2千克；体脂率：13.9 ± 7.9%）女（n = 15，年龄：16.5 ± 1.4岁；身高：169.9 ± 6.5厘米；体重：63.3 ± 4.5千克；体脂率：23.7 ± 3.8%）中学生运动员完成了身体成分测试（水下称重法）和电子问卷调查（简化运动营养知识问卷（ASNKQ）；对饮食能量和宏量营养素需求的自我认知）。
运动员的运动营养知识较差，正确回答问题的数量在性别上没有差异（男性：45.1 ± 9.8% 对女性：43.1 ± 12.7%；P = 0.57）。未观察到ASNKQ得分与身体成分参数之间、ASNKQ得分与自我报告的饮食能量和宏量营养素需求认知之间存在相关性（P > 0.05）。与计算得出的营养建议相比，运动员自我报告的能量需求较低（-560 ± 1272千卡/天；P = 0.014），碳水化合物摄入量需求较低（-73 ± 376克/天；P = 0.014）。与计算得出的营养需求相比，运动员自我报告的蛋白质摄入量需求较高（263 ± 586克/天；P = 0.026）。
目前来自中学水平的青少年运动员样本似乎运动营养知识水平较低，对能量和宏量营养素需求的了解不足。
