Cavedon Valentina, Kreidieh Dima, Milanese Chiara, Itani Leila, Pellegrini Massimo, Saadeddine Dana, Berri Elisa, El Ghoch Marwan
Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 5;17(1):191. doi: 10.3390/nu17010191.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Disordered eating (DE) is a wide-spectrum condition, represented by altered eating patterns, behaviors, and attitudes aimed at controlling food intake, body weight, and shape, which does not necessarily satisfy the diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder of clinical severity. DE is frequently reported among athletes, but its prevalence and associated factors have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we intended to assess the prevalence of DE among adult athletes from different sports disciplines in Italy and Lebanon and to identify the factors associated with DE.
A validated questionnaire (Eating Attitude Test [EAT-26]) was administered to determine the prevalence of DE, which was indicated by a score ≥ 17. Sport-related information, such as the type of sport, level of competition, training volume, and years of athletic experience, was also collected.
Among the total sample of 881 athletes, 78 were identified as having DE, with a prevalence of 6.1% (7.8% of females and 4.9% of males) in Italian athletes and 21.3% (27.3% of females and 17.0% of males) in Lebanese athletes. In addition, among male athletes, the risk of having DE was more than threefold in those practicing weightlifting or bodybuilding (odds ratio [OR] = 3.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-10.08, and < 0.05), while females with more athletic experience had almost 10% less risk of having DE (OR = 0.92; 95%CI = 0.86-0.98, and < 0.05).
DE is a prevalent condition among athletes. Therefore, it is crucial that sports federations and committees consider adopting standardized practical guidelines that focus on routinely screening for the early identification of DE in this population and implementing strategies for its timely management. In the future, longitudinal studies are also needed to clarify the impact of DE on athletes' clinical condition as well as their physical fitness and sports performance.
背景/目的：饮食失调（DE）是一种广泛存在的状况，表现为旨在控制食物摄入量、体重和体型的饮食模式、行为及态度的改变，不一定符合临床严重程度的饮食失调诊断标准。运动员中经常报告有饮食失调情况，但其患病率及相关因素尚未完全阐明。在本研究中，我们旨在评估意大利和黎巴嫩不同运动项目成年运动员中饮食失调的患病率，并确定与饮食失调相关的因素。
采用经过验证的问卷（饮食态度测试[EAT - 26]）来确定饮食失调的患病率，得分≥17分表明存在饮食失调。还收集了与运动相关的信息，如运动类型、比赛水平、训练量和运动年限。
在881名运动员的总样本中，78人被确定为患有饮食失调，意大利运动员的患病率为6.1%（女性为7.8%，男性为4.9%），黎巴嫩运动员的患病率为21.3%（女性为27.3%，男性为17.0%）。此外，在男性运动员中，从事举重或健美运动的人患饮食失调的风险高出三倍多（优势比[OR]=3.23；95%置信区间[CI]=1.03 - 10.08，且P<0.05），而运动经验较多的女性患饮食失调的风险几乎低10%（OR = 0.92；95%CI = 0.86 - 0.98，且P<0.05）。
饮食失调在运动员中是一种普遍存在的状况。因此，体育联合会和委员会必须考虑采用标准化的实用指南，重点是对该人群进行常规筛查以早期识别饮食失调，并实施及时管理的策略。未来还需要进行纵向研究，以阐明饮食失调对运动员临床状况以及他们的身体素质和运动表现的影响。
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