University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
J Athl Train. 2011 Jul-Aug;46(4):431-7. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-46.4.431.
Participation in appearance-based sports, particularly at the collegiate level, may place additional pressures on female athletes to be thin, which may increase the likelihood of their resorting to drastic weight control measures, such as disordered eating behaviors.
(1) To estimate the prevalence and sources of eating disorder risk classification by academic status (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior) and riding discipline (English and Western), (2) to examine riding style and academic status variations in body mass index (BMI) and silhouette type, and (3) to examine these variations across eating disorder risk classification type (eg, body image disturbances).
Cross-sectional study.
Seven universities throughout the United States.
A total of 138 participants volunteered (mean age = 19.88 ± 1.29 years). They represented 2 equestrian disciplines English riding (n = 91) and Western riding (n = 47).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Participants self-reported menstrual cycle history, height, and weight. We screened for eating disorder risk behaviors with the Eating Attitudes Test and for body disturbance with sex-specific BMI silhouettes.
Based on the Eating Attitudes Test, estimated eating disorder prevalence was 42.0% in the total sample, 38.5% among English riders, and 48.9% among Western riders. No BMI or silhouette differences were found across academic status or discipline in disordered eating risk. Overall, participants perceived their body images as significantly larger than their actual physical sizes (self-reported BMI) and wanted to be significantly smaller in both normal clothing and competitive uniforms.
Disordered eating risk prevalence among equestrian athletes was similar to that reported in other aesthetic sports and lower than that in nonaesthetic sports. Athletic trainers working with these athletes should be sensitive to these risks and refer athletes as needed to clinicians knowledgeable about disordered eating. Professionals working with this population should avoid making negative comments about physical size and appearance.
参与外貌相关的运动，尤其是在大学阶段，可能会给女性运动员带来额外的瘦身压力，这可能会增加她们采取极端体重控制措施的可能性，例如饮食失调行为。
（1）根据学术地位（大一、大二、大三或大四）和骑马学科（英式和西部式）评估饮食失调风险分类的患病率和来源；（2）研究骑马风格和学术地位对体重指数（BMI）和体型的影响；（3）研究这些变化在饮食失调风险分类类型（如身体形象障碍）中的差异。
横断面研究。
美国七所大学。
共有 138 名参与者自愿参与（平均年龄为 19.88 ± 1.29 岁）。他们代表 2 种马术学科：英式骑术（n = 91）和西部骑术（n = 47）。
参与者自我报告了月经周期史、身高和体重。我们使用饮食态度测试筛查饮食失调风险行为，使用特定性别的 BMI 体型筛查身体障碍。
根据饮食态度测试，总样本中饮食失调的患病率估计为 42.0%，英式骑术组为 38.5%，西部骑术组为 48.9%。在学业状况或学科方面，没有发现饮食失调风险的 BMI 或体型差异。总体而言，参与者认为自己的身体形象明显大于实际身体大小（自我报告的 BMI），并希望在正常服装和比赛制服中都能明显变小。
马术运动员中饮食失调的风险患病率与其他审美运动相似，低于非审美运动。与这些运动员一起工作的运动训练员应该对这些风险保持敏感，并在需要时将运动员转介给熟悉饮食失调的临床医生。与该人群合作的专业人员应避免对身体大小和外貌发表负面评论。
