Samuk Dogan Can, Cakir Oguzhan
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Türkiye.
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Türkiye.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jan 1;25(1):198. doi: 10.3390/s25010198.
Electric heaters are widely used owing to their portability, fast heating, single-focus heating, and energy efficiency advantages. Manufacturers provide customers with information on the power consumption and energy efficiency classes of heaters but do not provide any information on heating patterns. Knowing the heating pattern enables users to select the correct heater, which has a significant effect on comfort, health, energy efficiency, industrial process performance, plant growth, and climate change. In previous studies, two-dimensional temperature measurements were performed using sensor arrays. However, the three-dimensional heating patterns of the heaters have not been extracted, and the deformation effect of gravity on the heating patterns has not been demonstrated. In this study, a temperature measurement system with 64 temperature sensors placed at equal intervals in the -plane was designed and implemented. Then, the fan heater was moved along the -axis at intervals of 10 cm from 0 to 100 cm, and three-dimensional heating patterns were obtained for different fan voltages. As part of the research objectives, the deformation effect of gravity on the heating pattern was revealed, and the shift in the maximum temperature point on the +-axis was measured. The mathematical formula for the maximum temperature value was derived based on the fan voltage and the distance between the heater and the sensor array. The goodness-of-fit statistical values for the derived mathematical formula for the 55 temperature measurements were calculated as the root mean square error of 1.9543 and R-squared of 99.43%, demonstrating the accuracy of the presented model.
电加热器因其便携性、加热速度快、单焦点加热和能源效率优势而被广泛使用。制造商向客户提供加热器的功耗和能效等级信息，但不提供任何关于加热模式的信息。了解加热模式能让用户选择正确的加热器，这对舒适度、健康、能源效率、工业过程性能、植物生长和气候变化都有显著影响。在之前的研究中，使用传感器阵列进行了二维温度测量。然而，加热器的三维加热模式尚未被提取出来，重力对加热模式的变形影响也未得到证明。在本研究中，设计并实现了一个温度测量系统，该系统在平面内以相等间隔放置了64个温度传感器。然后，将风扇加热器沿x轴以10厘米的间隔从0移动到100厘米，针对不同的风扇电压获得了三维加热模式。作为研究目标的一部分，揭示了重力对加热模式的变形影响，并测量了y轴上最高温度点的偏移。基于风扇电压以及加热器与传感器阵列之间的距离，推导出了最高温度值的数学公式。对55次温度测量的推导数学公式的拟合优度统计值计算得出均方根误差为1.9543，决定系数为99.43%，证明了所提出模型的准确性。
