Flores-Cohaila Javier A, Miranda-Chavez Brayan, Copaja-Corzo Cesar, Benavente-Chalco Xiomara C, Rios-García Wagner, Moreno-Ccama Vanessa P, Samanez-Obeso Angel, Rivarola-Hidalgo Marco
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú.
Centro de Investigación de Educación Médica y Bioética - EDUCAB-UPT, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada de Tacna, Tacna, Peru.
BMC Med Educ. 2025 Jan 11;25(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-06665-2.
Residency selection is crucial for enhancing the healthcare workforce. Most research on this topic arises from the global north, leaving a gap from the global south perspective. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate factors associated with the Peruvian National Residency Examination (ENARM) in Peruvian applicants.
A repeated cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using data from applicants to the Peruvian ENARM from 2019 to 2023. The data were sourced from the National Council of Medical Residency's webpage and analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear mixed-effect models.
The final population consisted of 28,872 (95.06%) of applicants between 2019 and 2023. The mean ENARM score was 11.69, with a pass rate of 61.6% if a standard setting was set at 11. The highest scores were seen in those who achieved scores above 13 in the ENAM and received honors in medical school, while the lowest in those who applied in the captive modality and did not take the ENAM. Most applicants were concentrated in Lima and applied to Surgery, Pediatrics, and Obstetric-Gynecology. The ENAM score was positively associated with the ENARM in the mixed model when adjusting for receiving, year, setting of application, modality, and application specialty.
ENAM scores and honors in medical school were most associated with ENARM; hypothetically, 4 out of 10 applicants would fail the ENARM. Moreover, we portrayed the disparities in Peruvian medical education that point toward the quality of medical education, its centralization in the Peruvian capital, and the power dynamics between specialties.
住院医师选拔对于加强医疗劳动力至关重要。关于这一主题的大多数研究都来自全球北方，从全球南方的角度来看存在差距。因此，本研究旨在评估秘鲁申请者中与秘鲁国家住院医师考试（ENARM）相关的因素。
使用2019年至2023年秘鲁ENARM申请者的数据进行重复横断面分析研究。数据来源于国家医学住院医师委员会的网页，并使用描述性统计和线性混合效应模型进行分析。
最终样本包括2019年至2023年间28,872名（95.06%）申请者。ENARM的平均分数为11.69，如果将及格标准设定为11分，及格率为61.6%。在ENAM中得分高于13分且在医学院获得荣誉的申请者得分最高，而以受限模式申请且未参加ENAM的申请者得分最低。大多数申请者集中在利马，申请外科、儿科和妇产科。在混合模型中，在调整了接收情况、年份、申请地点模式和申请专业后，ENAM分数与ENARM呈正相关。
ENAM分数和医学院的荣誉与ENARM最相关；假设每10名申请者中有4人会在ENARM中不及格。此外，我们描述了秘鲁医学教育中的差异，这些差异指向医学教育的质量、其在秘鲁首都的集中化以及各专业之间的权力动态。
