Turar Zhassulan, Sembay Merey, Mubarak Assem, Belgibayeva Ayaulym, Kong Long, Kalimuldina Gulnur
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nazarbayev University Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53 Astana 010000 Kazakhstan.
National Laboratory Astana Nazarbayev University Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53 Astana 010000 Kazakhstan.
Glob Chall. 2024 Nov 25;9(1):2400224. doi: 10.1002/gch2.202400224. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Porous structures offer several key advantages in energy harvesting, making them highly effective for enhancing the performance of piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators (PENG and TENG). Their high surface area-to-volume ratio improves charge accumulation and electrostatic induction, which are critical for efficient energy conversion. Additionally, their lightweight and flexible nature allows for easy integration into wearable and flexible electronics. These combined properties make porous materials a powerful solution for addressing the efficiency limitations that have traditionally restricted nanogenerators. Recognizing these benefits, this review focuses on the essential role that porous materials play in advancing PENG and TENG technologies. It examines a wide range of porous materials, including aerogels, nano-porous films, sponges, and 2D materials, explaining how their unique structures contribute to higher energy harvesting efficiency. The review also explores recent breakthroughs in the development of these materials, demonstrating how they overcome performance challenges and open up new possibilities for practical applications. These advancements position porous nanogenerators as strong candidates for use in wearable electronics, smart textiles, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. By exploring these innovations, the review underscores the importance of porous structures in driving the future of energy harvesting technologies.
多孔结构在能量收集方面具有几个关键优势，使其在提高压电和摩擦电纳米发电机（PENG和TENG）的性能方面非常有效。它们高的表面积与体积比可改善电荷积累和静电感应，这对于高效能量转换至关重要。此外，它们轻质且灵活的特性使其易于集成到可穿戴和柔性电子产品中。这些综合特性使多孔材料成为解决传统上限制纳米发电机效率的有力解决方案。认识到这些优点，本综述重点关注多孔材料在推进PENG和TENG技术中所起的重要作用。它研究了广泛的多孔材料，包括气凝胶、纳米多孔膜、海绵和二维材料，解释了它们独特的结构如何有助于提高能量收集效率。该综述还探讨了这些材料开发中的最新突破，展示了它们如何克服性能挑战并为实际应用开辟新的可能性。这些进展使多孔纳米发电机成为可穿戴电子产品、智能纺织品和物联网（IoT）设备应用的有力候选者。通过探索这些创新，该综述强调了多孔结构在推动能量收集技术未来发展中的重要性。
