Odesa Gabriel Erhiga, Olannye Donald Uzowulu
Department of Geology, Dennis Osadabey University, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.
Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Dennis Osadabey University, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.
Toxicol Rep. 2024 Dec 13;14:101852. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101852. eCollection 2025 Jun.
This study was conducted to evaluate the health risks related to eating crabs and periwinkles from Southern Nigerian coastal areas that are contaminated by crude oil. Periwinkles and crabs from contaminated locations were tested for Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and heavy metal (HM) levels using US-EPA standard, and the health risks to humans of eating these seafood were assessed. 20 samples of periwinkles and crabs were collected from crude oil-polluted coastal areas. Health risk assessments were conducted using Dietary Daily Intake (DDI), PAH4 index, Carcinogenic Toxic Equivalent (TEQs), Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) for PAHs, as well as Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Cancer Risk Assessment (CRA) for HMs. The PAH concentration in periwinkles and crabs are 0.76 mg/kg and 0.49 mg/kg respectively. Dietary daily intake (DDI) of individual PAHs for Periwinkle ranged from 0 to 0.0126 and for crabs, it ranged from 0 to x10. The ECR evaluated for Periwinkle and crabs ranges from 0 to 9 × 10, and 0-2.1 × 10 respectively. The TEQ for periwinkle is 0.12874 mg/kg and 0.15646 mg/kg for crabs. The evaluated PAH4 is 0.1061 mg/kg for Periwinkle and 0.1352 mg/kg for Crabs. The concentration of PAHs was found to be 0.76 mg/kg in periwinkles and 0.49 mg/kg in crabs. DDI values for individual PAHs ranged from 0 to 0.0126 for periwinkles and 0-0 to x10 for crabs. ECR values ranged from 0 to 9 x 10 for periwinkles and 0-2.1 x 10 for crabs. TEQ values were 0.12874 mg/kg for periwinkles and 0.15646 mg/kg for crabs. Deduction from PAH4 index exceeded the permissible limit set by the European Union. TEQ values indicate that periwinkles were below the screening value (SV) of 0.0389 mg/kg, while crabs exceeded it. The ECR for the shellfish was also found to be within the acceptable risk level. All HMs were within EPA permissible limits except cadmium (Cd). HQ indicated potential health risks from crab consumption, while CRA showed no carcinogenic risk from either shellfish. The study recommends that if crude oil pollution in coastal areas continues, severe health implications will be inevitable. Therefore, it is crucial to implement measures to mitigate pollution levels and monitor seafood safety regularly to protect public health.
本研究旨在评估食用来自尼日利亚南部沿海地区受原油污染的螃蟹和海螺所带来的健康风险。使用美国环保署标准对来自污染地区的海螺和螃蟹进行多环芳烃（PAH）和重金属（HM）含量检测，并评估食用这些海鲜对人类的健康风险。从原油污染的沿海地区采集了20份海螺和螃蟹样本。使用膳食每日摄入量（DDI）、PAH4指数、致癌毒性当量（TEQs）、PAHs的超额癌症风险（ECR）以及HM的危害商数（HQ）和癌症风险评估（CRA）进行健康风险评估。海螺和螃蟹中的PAH浓度分别为0.76毫克/千克和0.49毫克/千克。海螺个体PAHs的膳食每日摄入量范围为0至0.0126，螃蟹的范围为0至x10。评估的海螺和螃蟹的ECR范围分别为0至9×10和0至2.1×10。海螺的TEQ为0.12874毫克/千克，螃蟹为0.15646毫克/千克。评估的海螺PAH4为0.1061毫克/千克，螃蟹为0.1352毫克/千克。发现海螺中PAHs的浓度为0.76毫克/千克，螃蟹中为0.49毫克/千克。海螺个体PAHs的DDI值范围为0至0.0126，螃蟹为0至0至x10。ECR值范围为海螺0至9×10，螃蟹0至2.1×10。TEQ值海螺为0.12874毫克/千克，螃蟹为0.15646毫克/千克。PAH指数的推断超过了欧盟设定的允许限值。TEQ值表明海螺低于筛查值（SV）0.0389毫克/千克，而螃蟹超过了该值。贝类的ECR也被发现处于可接受的风险水平内。除镉（Cd）外，所有重金属均在EPA允许限值内。HQ表明食用螃蟹存在潜在健康风险，而CRA表明两种贝类均无致癌风险。该研究建议，如果沿海地区的原油污染持续下去，严重的健康影响将不可避免。因此，实施措施降低污染水平并定期监测海鲜安全以保护公众健康至关重要。
