Kalantar Ahmadi Seyed Ahmad, Daneshian Jahanfar
Department of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Dezful Iran.
Seed and Plant Improvement Institute Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Dezful Iran.
Food Sci Nutr. 2024 Dec 19;13(1):e4690. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4690. eCollection 2025 Jan.
High temperatures can impede the growth and development of soybean plants, resulting in decreased yield and seed quality. Heat-induced damage can be mitigated by adjusting sowing date and selecting genotypes that are suitable for cultivation in hot climates. A 2-year (2017-2018) field experiment was conducted at Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, employing a split-plot design with three replications. The main plots were assigned three different sowing dates (June 22, July 6, and July 21), while the subplots featured eight soybean genotypes (SF1, SF2, SF3, SK93, M13, SG4, SG5, and Salend) belonged to IV to VI maturity groups. Temperature affected the fatty acid composition across all genotypes. Planting soybeans on June 22 and July 6 resulted in a 16% and 8% decrease in seed yield, respectively, compared to planting on July 21 over 2 years of experiments. SK93 exhibited the highest oil content (25.59%) when sown on the third date (July 21), whereas the SF3 genotype planted on June 22 displayed the lowest oil content (18.68%). Based on our findings, a decrease of approximately 0.33% in oil content and a 0.7% increase in protein content were observed with a one-degree temperature rise from 33°C during the seed-filling period. When the temperature ranged between 36°C and 38°C, the highest seed yield (2665-3008 kg.ha) was obtained, whereas the lowest seed yield (1940 kg.ha) occurred at 41.60°C. Delaying planting led to a higher seed yield (19.72%) and enhanced seed oil content (11.54%). The indeterminate growth genotype SK93 consistently showed the highest average seed yield (3231 kg.ha) over the 2-year experiment, exceeding other genotypes.
高温会阻碍大豆植株的生长和发育，导致产量和种子质量下降。通过调整播种日期和选择适合在炎热气候下种植的基因型，可以减轻热害。在萨菲阿巴德农业和自然资源研究与教育中心进行了为期两年（2017 - 2018年）的田间试验，采用裂区设计，重复三次。主区设置了三个不同的播种日期（6月22日、7月6日和7月21日），而副区有八个属于IV至VI成熟组的大豆基因型（SF1、SF2、SF3、SK93、M13、SG4、SG5和萨伦德）。温度影响了所有基因型的脂肪酸组成。在两年的试验中，与7月21日播种相比，6月22日和7月6日种植大豆的种子产量分别下降了16%和8%。SK93在第三次播种日期（7月21日）播种时油含量最高（25.59%），而6月22日种植的SF3基因型油含量最低（18.68%）。根据我们的研究结果，在种子灌浆期，温度从33°C每升高1度，油含量大约下降0.33%，蛋白质含量增加0.7%。当温度在36°C至38°C之间时，获得了最高种子产量（2665 - 3008 kg·ha），而在41.60°C时种子产量最低（1940 kg·ha）。推迟播种导致种子产量更高（19.72%）且种子油含量增加（11.54%）。在为期两年的试验中，无限生长基因型SK93始终表现出最高的平均种子产量（3231 kg·ha），超过其他基因型。
