Harisha C B, Boraiah K M, Basavaraj P S, Halli Hanamant M, Singh Ram Narayan, Rane Jagadish, Sammi Reddy K, Halagundegowda G R, Chaudhary Amresh, Verma Arvind Kumar, Ravi Y, Asangi Honnappa, Senthamil E
ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Maharashtra, India.
ICAR-Central Institute of Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India.
PeerJ. 2025 Apr 8;13:e19210. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19210. eCollection 2025.
Climate influenced weather events, especially during the flowering, grain filling, and maturity stages, can adversely influence crop yield and quality. Therefore, understanding how the phenological behaviour and yield potential of new crops such as chia are influenced by weather and sowing dates is crucial for maximizing crop yield. This study aimed to assess the impact of sowing dates on the flowering behaviour, and yield attributes of chia morphotypes, as well as to identify optimal weather conditions for achieving higher yields.
The study was conducted during 2021-22 and 2022-23 and consisted of fifteen sowing windows from 1st July to 1st February (at 15 days intervals), with two chia morphotypes (white and black seed) arranged in a replicated split-plot design. Phenological events, flowering characters and seed yield traits were recorded regularly. Weather parameters at the experimental location (Maharashtra, India) were recorded.
The results revealed that weather conditions such as relative humidity (RH) and rainfall favoured the flowering phenology, yield attributes, and seed yield of chia, whereas maximum temperature (T), bright sunshine hours, and accumulated growing degree days had negative effects. Weather parameters significantly influenced the chia seed yield during the cropping period: RH (positive, = 86.1%), T (negative, = 67.4%), rainfall (positive, = 52.9%), and diurnal temperature range (negative, = 74.9%). Black-seeded chia morphotypes consistently produced higher seed yields (10.8% greater) and better yield-contributing traits compared to white types across various sowing dates. The maximum chia seed yield (811-793.1 kg ha) was achieved with sowing dates between August 1st and September 1st in this semi-arid region of India. The performance of chia was good under congenial weather conditions, including relative humidity (∼67-72%), maximum temperature (∼30-31 °C), day length (<12.0 h), rainfall (∼200-350 mm), and accumulated growing degree days (∼1,521-1,891). The present study findings can help identify the best suitable regions for chia cultivation by revealing relationships between the performance of chia morphotypes and weather conditions.
气候影响天气事件，尤其是在开花期、灌浆期和成熟期，会对作物产量和品质产生不利影响。因此，了解诸如奇亚籽等新作物的物候行为和产量潜力如何受到天气和播种日期的影响，对于实现作物产量最大化至关重要。本研究旨在评估播种日期对奇亚籽形态类型的开花行为和产量属性的影响，并确定实现更高产量的最佳天气条件。
该研究在2021 - 22年和2022 - 23年期间进行，包括从7月1日至2月1日的15个播种窗口（间隔15天），两种奇亚籽形态类型（白籽和黑籽）采用重复裂区设计进行排列。定期记录物候事件、开花特征和种子产量性状。记录了实验地点（印度马哈拉施特拉邦）的天气参数。
结果表明，相对湿度（RH）和降雨等天气条件有利于奇亚籽的开花物候、产量属性和种子产量，而最高温度（T）、日照时数和累积生长度日则有负面影响。天气参数在作物生长期间对奇亚籽种子产量有显著影响：相对湿度（正向， = 86.1%）、最高温度（负向， = 67.4%）、降雨（正向， = 52.9%）和昼夜温差（负向， = 74.9%）。在不同播种日期下，黑籽奇亚籽形态类型的种子产量始终更高（高10.8%），且产量构成性状优于白籽类型。在印度这个半干旱地区，8月1日至9月1日之间的播种日期实现了奇亚籽的最高种子产量（811 - 793.1千克/公顷）。在适宜的天气条件下，奇亚籽表现良好，包括相对湿度（约67 - 72%）、最高温度（约30 - 31°C）、日照时长（<12.0小时）、降雨（约200 - 350毫米）和累积生长度日（约1521 - 1891）。本研究结果通过揭示奇亚籽形态类型表现与天气条件之间的关系，有助于确定最适合奇亚籽种植的地区。
