Li Xin, Hou Minmin, Zhang Feng, Ji Zhengquan, Cai Yaqi, Shi Yali
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2025 Jan 28;59(3):1469-1486. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c08701. Epub 2025 Jan 13.
The deleterious health implications of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely recognized. Females, in contrast to males, exhibit unique pathways for PFAS exposure and excretion, leading to complex health outcomes. The health status of females is largely influenced by hormone-related processes. PFAS have been reported to be associated with various aspects of female health, including reproductive system disorders and pregnancy-related diseases. In this article, we provide insights into the correlations between PFAS and female-prevalent diseases. Current epidemiological and toxicological evidence has demonstrated that the adverse effects of PFAS on the health of the female reproductive system are primarily attributed to the disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and hormonal homeostasis. However, these findings do not sufficiently elucidate the intricate associations between PFAS and specific diseases. Furthermore, autoimmune disorders, another category that is more prevalent in women compared to men, require additional investigation. Immune biomarkers pertinent to autoimmune disorders have been observed to be influenced by PFAS exposure, although epidemiological evidence is insufficient to substantiate these relations. Further thorough exploration encompassing epidemiological and toxicological studies is essential to elucidating the inherent influence of PFAS on human pathologies. Additionally, comprehensive investigations into female health issues beyond their reproductive functions is essential.
全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）对健康的有害影响已得到广泛认可。与男性相比，女性表现出独特的PFAS暴露和排泄途径，导致复杂的健康结果。女性的健康状况在很大程度上受激素相关过程的影响。据报道，PFAS与女性健康的各个方面有关，包括生殖系统紊乱和与妊娠相关的疾病。在本文中，我们深入探讨了PFAS与女性常见疾病之间的相关性。目前的流行病学和毒理学证据表明，PFAS对女性生殖系统健康的不利影响主要归因于下丘脑-垂体-性腺（HPG）轴的破坏和激素稳态。然而，这些发现并未充分阐明PFAS与特定疾病之间的复杂关联。此外，自身免疫性疾病是另一类在女性中比男性更普遍的疾病，需要进一步研究。尽管流行病学证据不足以证实这些关系，但已观察到与自身免疫性疾病相关的免疫生物标志物会受到PFAS暴露的影响。进一步全面开展流行病学和毒理学研究对于阐明PFAS对人类病理的内在影响至关重要。此外，对女性生殖功能以外的健康问题进行全面调查也至关重要。
