Lu Yi, Man Xiao-Yong
Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
J Autoimmun. 2025 Feb;151:103357. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2025.103357. Epub 2025 Jan 12.
Regulatory T cell (Treg) play a pivotal role in immune regulation and maintaining host immune homeostasis. Treg heterogeneity, characterized by diverse gene expression profiles and functional states, is complex in both health and disease. Research reveals that Tregs are not a uniform population but exhibit diversity based on their origin, location, and functional status. This heterogeneity is crucial for understanding Treg roles in various pathological conditions. Dysfunctional Tregs are closely linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. The phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of Tregs is particularly significant in diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, psoriasis and autoimmune liver diseases. This review explores Treg origins, classifications, and heterogeneity in these conditions, aiming to provide new perspectives and strategies for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding Treg heterogeneity and plasticity promises to reveal novel therapeutic targets and advance precision immunotherapy development.
调节性T细胞（Treg）在免疫调节和维持宿主免疫稳态中发挥着关键作用。Treg的异质性以多样的基因表达谱和功能状态为特征，在健康和疾病状态下都很复杂。研究表明，Tregs并非单一群体，而是根据其起源、位置和功能状态表现出多样性。这种异质性对于理解Treg在各种病理状况中的作用至关重要。功能失调的Tregs与自身免疫性疾病的发病机制密切相关，尽管确切机制尚不清楚。Tregs的表型和功能异质性在系统性红斑狼疮、多发性硬化症、类风湿性关节炎、炎症性肠病、1型糖尿病、银屑病和自身免疫性肝病等疾病中尤为显著。本综述探讨了这些情况下Treg的起源、分类和异质性，旨在为诊断和治疗提供新的视角和策略。了解Treg的异质性和可塑性有望揭示新的治疗靶点并推动精准免疫治疗的发展。
