Korompis Marcellus, De Voss Christopher J, Li Shuailin, Richard Alexandre, Almujri Salem Salman, Ateere Alberta, Frank Géraldine, Lemoine Céline, McShane Helen, Stylianou Elena
The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, 61421, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 13;15(1):1886. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84667-8.
BCG remains the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis (TB), but its efficacy wanes over time. Subunit vaccines, aim to improve BCG immunity and protection, by inducing responses to a few mycobacterial antigens delivered with a specific platform. Since the platform shapes the immune response induced, selecting the right platform has been challenging due to the lack of immune correlates of protection. Recently, the protein-adjuvated subunit vaccine. M72/AS01E, demonstrated 49.7% efficacy in preventing active TB in latently infected adults, indicating that protective immunity through subunit vaccines is possible. In this study we evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of the promising mycobacterial antigen PPE15, formulated with five adjuvants developed by the Vaccine Formulation Institute. While all adjuvants were immunogenic, PPE15 with LMQ protected vaccinated mice against an in vivo Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge, both as a standalone vaccine and as a boost to BCG. Vaccinated mice had enriched lung parenchymal antigen-specific CD4 + CXCR3 + KLRG1- T cells previously associated with TB protection. Heterologous vaccination strategies were also explored by combining intranasal ChAdOx1.PPE15 viral vector, with intramuscular PPE15-LMQ resulting in improved protection compared to individual vaccines. These findings support the progression of this vaccine candidate to the next stages of development.
卡介苗(BCG)仍然是唯一获得许可的结核病疫苗,但其效力会随着时间减弱。亚单位疫苗旨在通过诱导对特定平台递送的几种分枝杆菌抗原的反应来增强卡介苗的免疫效果和保护作用。由于平台会塑造所诱导的免疫反应,而缺乏保护性免疫的相关指标,因此选择合适的平台一直具有挑战性。最近,蛋白质佐剂亚单位疫苗M72/AS01E在预防潜伏感染成年人的活动性结核病方面显示出49.7%的效力,这表明通过亚单位疫苗实现保护性免疫是可能的。在本研究中,我们评估了有前景的分枝杆菌抗原PPE15与疫苗制剂研究所开发的五种佐剂配制后的免疫原性和效力。虽然所有佐剂都具有免疫原性,但与LMQ佐剂混合的PPE15可保护接种疫苗的小鼠免受体内结核分枝杆菌的攻击,无论是作为单一疫苗还是作为卡介苗的加强剂。接种疫苗的小鼠肺部实质中富含以前与结核病保护相关的抗原特异性CD4+CXCR3+KLRG1-T细胞。还探索了异源接种策略,将鼻内接种的ChAdOx1.PPE15病毒载体与肌肉注射的PPE15-LMQ相结合,与单独使用疫苗相比,可提高保护效果。这些发现支持了该候选疫苗进入下一阶段的研发。
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