Shumye Abebech Fikade, Tegegn Melkamu Temeselew, Bekele Matiyas Mamo
Department of Optometry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Jan 13;25(1):134. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-21343-0.
Cataract is a major public health concern and the leading cause of blindness and low vision in Ethiopia. However, no studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of cataract and associated factors among adult diabetic patients in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of cataract and associated factors among adult diabetic patients in Northwest Ethiopia.
A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in Northwest Ethiopia from May 8 to June 8, 2023. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study subjects. Data were collected through an in-person interview and physical examination. The data were imported to Kobo Toolbox version 2022 4.4 and exported to Stata version 14. A binary logistic regression was carried out to identify factors associated with cataract, and the strength of association was determined by adjusted odds ratio. A variable with a P-value of < 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval was considered a significant factor for cataract.
The study included 1100 study subjects with a median age of 52 years. The prevalence of cataract was 42.2% (95%CI: 39.1-45.1%). Older age (AOR = 9.73, 95% CI: 5.53-17.13), ≥ 10 years duration of diabetic mellitus (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.96-3.90), poor glycemic control (AOR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.40-2.74), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (AOR = 4.14, 95% CI: 2.04-8.40), were factors significantly associated with cataract.
This study revealed a high prevalence of cataract among adult diabetic patients. Older age, longer duration of diabetes mellitus, poor glycemic control, diabetic retinopathy, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy had statistically significant associations with cataract. Therefore better controlling blood sugar levels will reduce the development of cataract. Regular screening of their eye will be also recommended to reduce visual impairment and blindness due cataract.
白内障是一个重大的公共卫生问题，也是埃塞俄比亚失明和视力低下的主要原因。然而，尚未开展任何研究来评估研究区域内成年糖尿病患者中白内障的患病率及相关因素。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西北部成年糖尿病患者中白内障的患病率及相关因素。
2023年5月8日至6月8日在埃塞俄比亚西北部进行了一项多中心横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样技术选取研究对象。通过面对面访谈和体格检查收集数据。数据导入Kobo Toolbox 2022 4.4版本并导出到Stata 14版本。进行二元逻辑回归以确定与白内障相关的因素，并通过调整后的比值比确定关联强度。在95%置信区间内P值<0.05的变量被认为是白内障的显著因素。
该研究纳入了1100名研究对象，中位年龄为52岁。白内障患病率为42.2%（95%CI：39.1 - 45.1%）。年龄较大（调整后的比值比[AOR]=9.73，95%CI：5.53 - 17.13）、糖尿病病程≥10年（AOR = 2.77，95%CI：1.96 - 3.90）、血糖控制不佳（AOR = 1.96，95%CI：1.40 - 2.74）以及增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（AOR = 4.14，95%CI：2.04 - 8.40）是与白内障显著相关的因素。
本研究揭示成年糖尿病患者中白内障患病率较高。年龄较大、糖尿病病程较长、血糖控制不佳、糖尿病视网膜病变以及增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变与白内障具有统计学上的显著关联。因此，更好地控制血糖水平将减少白内障的发生。还建议定期对他们进行眼部筛查，以减少因白内障导致的视力损害和失明。
