Gao Hui, Luo Xiaoquan
John G. Rangos, Sr. School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Int J Exerc Sci. 2024 Dec 1;17(6):1461-1477. doi: 10.70252/FZQN6769. eCollection 2024.
The purpose was to summarize the studies examining knee strength in young athletes and provide valuable insights into the magnitude of changes in knee flexion and extension strength during the transition from pre-puberty to puberty among male and female athletes. The literature search was conducted through Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science. Cohen's effect size (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using a random effects model. While comparing males and females, as well as pre-puberty and puberty stages, we conducted subgroup analyses for pre-puberty versus puberty and for males versus females respectively. Thirteen studies published between 2003 and 2021 were included in the analysis. In the pre-puberty stage, no statistical difference was observed on knee extensors or flexors between male athletes and female athletes (=0.695, 0.138); In the puberty stage, males exhibited higher strength relative to weight compared to females for both knee extensors and flexors (SMD=1.36, 1.25). From pre-puberty to puberty, the strength of knee extensors and flexors relative to weight vastly increased for males (SMD=-1.71, -1.86), while no significant change was found for females (=0.436, 0.071). There were no discernible sex- or age-related differences in the hamstring-quadricep (HQ) ratio (=0.590, 0.834). The validity of the HQ ratio as a parameter for predicting injury risks was brought into question by the findings of this study. Strength of male athletes started to grow in puberty while the increase in strength for female athletes was not significant, which indicated that more sex-specific training and injury reduction program should be accomplished.
目的是总结有关年轻运动员膝关节力量的研究，并深入了解男女运动员从青春期前到青春期过渡期间膝关节屈伸力量的变化幅度。通过Cochrane图书馆、Embase、PubMed、Web of Science进行文献检索。使用随机效应模型计算Cohen效应量（ES）和95%置信区间（CI）。在比较男性和女性以及青春期前和青春期阶段时，我们分别对青春期前与青春期以及男性与女性进行了亚组分析。分析纳入了2003年至2021年发表的13项研究。在青春期前阶段，男性运动员和女性运动员的膝关节伸肌或屈肌之间未观察到统计学差异（P=0.695，0.138）；在青春期阶段，男性膝关节伸肌和屈肌相对于体重的力量均高于女性（标准化均数差分别为1.36和1.25）。从青春期前到青春期，男性膝关节伸肌和屈肌相对于体重的力量大幅增加（标准化均数差分别为-1.71和-1.86），而女性未发现显著变化（P=0.436，0.071）。在腘绳肌与股四头肌（HQ）比例方面，未发现明显的性别或年龄相关差异（P=0.590，0.834）。本研究结果对HQ比例作为预测损伤风险参数的有效性提出了质疑。男性运动员的力量在青春期开始增长，而女性运动员力量的增加不显著，这表明应制定更多针对性别的训练和减少损伤计划。
