性别和年龄对高中篮球运动员股四头肌与腘绳肌力量及柔韧性的影响
Effects of Sex and Age on Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength and Flexibility in High School Basketball Athletes.
作者信息
Nagai Takashi, Bates Nathaniel, McPherson April, Hale Rena, Hewett Timothy, Schilaty Nathan D
机构信息
United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine; Mayo Clinic.
Mayo Clinic.
出版信息
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2021 Oct 1;16(5):1302-1312. doi: 10.26603/001c.27986. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
Eccentric hamstring strength and hamstring/quadriceps strength ratios have been identified as modifiable risk factors of hamstring strains. Additionally, those strength and flexibility characteristics are commonly used as clinical tests to monitor progress of athletes with acute or chronic hamstring strains. Although hamstring strains are common among basketball athletes, normative values of knee strength and flexibility characteristics are scarce. Normative values for these athletes would be important in prevention and management of hamstring strains.
PURPOSE
To establish quadriceps and hamstring isokinetic strength and flexibility values among high school basketball athletes and examine the effects of sex and age.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional research.
METHODS
Isokinetic knee muscular strength (concentric quadriceps [QuadC], concentric hamstring [HamC], eccentric hamstring [HamE], and strength ratios ([HamC/QuadC and HamE/Quad]), flexibility of hip flexors and quadriceps during a Modified Thomas test, and flexibility of hip extensors and hamstring during passive straight leg raise (SLR) and passive knee extension (PKE) tests were measured. Effects of sex and age were analyzed using t-tests and analysis of variance, respectively with Bonferroni corrected post hoc tests (≤0.01).
RESULTS
A total of 172 high school basketball athletes (64 males/108 females; mean age (range): 15.7 (14-18) years old) participated in the study. Male athletes were significantly stronger than female athletes (QuadC: <0.001; HamC: <0.001) while no differences were observed in strength ratio (HamC/QuadC: =0.759-0.816; HamE/QuadC: =0.022-0.061). Among male athletes, a significant effect of age on quadriceps and hamstring strength was observed: older male athletes were stronger than younger male athletes. Contrarily, there were no effects of age on strength among female athletes. There were significant sex differences in quadriceps flexibility, SLR, and PKE (female athletes were more flexible; =0.001-0.005) while no sex differences were found in hip flexor flexibility (=0.105-0.164). There were no effects of age for any flexibility variables within male and female athletes (=0.151-0.984).
CONCLUSION
The current results provide normative values for hamstring strength and flexibility in high school basketball athletes. These normative values may further assist sports medicine specialists to develop screening tests, interventions, and return-to-sport criteria in this population.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
3B.
背景
腘绳肌离心力量以及腘绳肌与股四头肌力量比值已被确定为腘绳肌拉伤的可改变风险因素。此外，这些力量和柔韧性特征通常被用作临床测试，以监测急性或慢性腘绳肌拉伤运动员的恢复进展。尽管腘绳肌拉伤在篮球运动员中很常见，但关于膝关节力量和柔韧性特征的规范值却很匮乏。这些运动员的规范值对于腘绳肌拉伤的预防和管理至关重要。
目的
确定高中篮球运动员的股四头肌和腘绳肌等速力量及柔韧性值，并研究性别和年龄的影响。
研究设计
横断面研究。
方法
测量等速膝关节肌肉力量（向心收缩股四头肌[QuadC]、向心收缩腘绳肌[HamC]、离心收缩腘绳肌[HamE]以及力量比值[HamC/QuadC和HamE/Quad]）、改良托马斯试验中髋屈肌和股四头肌的柔韧性，以及被动直腿抬高（SLR）和被动膝关节伸展（PKE）试验中髋伸肌和腘绳肌的柔韧性。分别使用t检验和方差分析分析性别和年龄的影响，并采用Bonferroni校正的事后检验（≤0.01）。
结果
共有172名高中篮球运动员（64名男性/108名女性；平均年龄（范围）：15.7（14 - 18）岁）参与了该研究。男性运动员明显比女性运动员更强壮（QuadC：<0.001；HamC：<0.001），而在力量比值方面未观察到差异（HamC/QuadC：=0.759 - 0.816；HamE/QuadC：=0.022 - 0.061）。在男性运动员中，观察到年龄对股四头肌和腘绳肌力量有显著影响：年龄较大的男性运动员比年龄较小的更强壮。相反，年龄对女性运动员的力量没有影响。在股四头肌柔韧性、SLR和PKE方面存在显著的性别差异（女性运动员更柔韧；=0.001 - 0.005），而在髋屈肌柔韧性方面未发现性别差异（=0.105 - 0.164）。年龄对男性和女性运动员的任何柔韧性变量均无影响（=0.151 - 0.984）。
结论
当前结果为高中篮球运动员的腘绳肌力量和柔韧性提供了规范值。这些规范值可能进一步帮助运动医学专家为该人群制定筛查测试、干预措施和重返运动标准。
证据水平
3B。
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