Ge Beibei, Miao Changqing, Xu Di, Li Mingxia, Xu Fang, Wang Xiaoxian, Chen Fen, Li Yan, Chen Yan, Gong Chanjuan, Li Peng, Wang Fang, Yao Jing
Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
Department of Cardiology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, 214499, People's Republic of China.
Heliyon. 2024 Dec 10;11(1):e41091. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41091. eCollection 2025 Jan 15.
This study aimed to establish standard transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) measurements of left ventricular (LV) morphology, function, and myocardial work parameters in healthy Beagle dogs using pressure-strain loops (PSL). Additionally, it sought to standardize optimal TEE imaging techniques and explore the potiential application of myocardial work analyis in veterinary medicine.
Thirty-seven healthy male Beagle dogs were anesthetized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated for TEE examinations. LV systolic and diastolic function were evaluated, with simultaneous invasive femoral artery pressure measurements. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS), myocardial work parameters, PSL-derived metrics were analyzed.
The mean LV GLS was -16.0 ± 4.0 %, and the LV global myocardial work index (GWI) was 888 ± 298.6 mmHg∗%. Global Myocardial work efficiency (GWE) was 88 ± 3 %, while global myocardial wasted work (GWW) was 152 mmHg∗% (38-431 mmHg∗%). LV ejection fraction (LVEF) averaged 58.7 ± 4.4 %. Left ventricular end-diastolic (LVEDV) and end-systolic volume (LVESV) were 19.3 ± 5.2 ml and 8.0 ± 2.3 ml, respectively. Regional myocardial work analysis revealed significant differences between the interventricular septum and lateral wall. The lateral wall demonstrated reduced segmental work efficiency (SWE), work index (SWI), and constructive work (SCW) but higher wasted work (SWW) compared to the septum (p < 0.05).
TEE provides detail morphological and functional assessments of the Beagle hearts, offering reference data for future studies. Myocardial work analysis presents a novel method for evaluate myocardial contractility and mechanical properties, with promising applicatons in veterinary medicine.
本研究旨在利用压力应变环（PSL）建立健康比格犬左心室（LV）形态、功能和心肌工作参数的标准经食管超声心动图（TEE）测量方法。此外，还试图规范最佳TEE成像技术，并探索心肌工作分析在兽医学中的潜在应用。
对37只健康雄性比格犬进行麻醉、插管并机械通气，以进行TEE检查。评估左心室收缩和舒张功能，同时进行有创股动脉压力测量。分析左心室整体纵向应变（GLS）、心肌工作参数、PSL衍生指标。
左心室平均GLS为-16.0±4.0%，左心室整体心肌工作指数（GWI）为888±298.6mmHg∗%。整体心肌工作效率（GWE）为88±3%，而整体心肌废功（GWW）为152mmHg∗%（38 - 431mmHg∗%）。左心室射血分数（LVEF）平均为58.7±4.4%。左心室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）和收缩末期容积（LVESV）分别为19.3±5.2ml和8.0±2.3ml。区域心肌工作分析显示室间隔和侧壁之间存在显著差异。与室间隔相比，侧壁的节段工作效率（SWE）、工作指数（SWI）和建设性工作（SCW）降低，但废功（SWW）更高（p < 0.05）。
TEE提供了对比格犬心脏详细的形态和功能评估，为未来研究提供了参考数据。心肌工作分析为评估心肌收缩性和力学特性提供了一种新方法，在兽医学中有广阔的应用前景。
