RTI International, Technology-Advancement-Commercialization, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27707, USA.
Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 2;19(1):482. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010482.
The use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking is a strategy to reduce household air pollution (HAP) exposure and improve health. We conducted this feasibility study to evaluate personal exposure measurement methods to representatively assess reductions in HAP exposure. We enrolled 30 pregnant women to wear a MicroPEM for 24 h to assess their HAP exposure when cooking with a traditional stove (baseline) and with an LPG stove (intervention). The women wore the MicroPEM an average of 77% and 69% of the time during the baseline and intervention phases, respectively. Mean gravimetric PM mass and black carbon concentrations were comparable during baseline and intervention. Temporal analysis of the MicroPEM nephelometer data identified high PM concentrations in the afternoon, late evening, and overnight during the intervention phase. Likely seasonal sources present during the intervention phase were emissions from brick kiln and rice parboiling facilities, and evening kerosene lamp and mosquito coil use. Mean background adjusted PM concentrations during cooking were lower during intervention at 71 μg/m, versus 105 μg/m during baseline. Representative real-time personal PM concentration measurements supplemented with ambient PM measures and surveys will be a valuable tool to disentangle external sources of PM, other indoor HAP sources, and fuel-sparing behaviors when assessing the HAP reduction due to intervention with LPG stoves.
使用液化石油气（LPG）做饭是减少家庭空气污染（HAP）暴露和改善健康的一种策略。我们进行了这项可行性研究，以评估个人暴露测量方法，以代表性地评估 HAP 暴露减少情况。我们招募了 30 名孕妇，让她们佩戴 MicroPEM 进行 24 小时监测，以评估她们使用传统炉灶（基线）和 LPG 炉灶（干预）做饭时的 HAP 暴露情况。在基线和干预阶段，女性平均佩戴 MicroPEM 的时间分别为 77%和 69%。基线和干预期间，重量法 PM 质量和黑碳浓度相当。MicroPEM 浊度计数据的时间分析表明，干预期间下午、傍晚和夜间 PM 浓度较高。干预期间可能存在的季节性来源是砖窑和稻谷蒸制设施排放、傍晚煤油灯和蚊香使用。在干预期间，做饭时的平均背景调整 PM 浓度为 71μg/m，而基线时为 105μg/m。补充环境 PM 测量和调查的代表性实时个人 PM 浓度测量将是一种有价值的工具，可用于在评估由于使用 LPG 炉灶干预导致的 HAP 减少时，区分 PM 的外部来源、其他室内 HAP 来源和节省燃料的行为。
