Sović Josipa, Šegović Sanja, Matijević Jurica, Pavelić Božidar, Anić Ivica, Tomasic Ivan
Postgraduate PhD Study, School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Dental Clinic of the Health Center Križevci, Križevci, Croatia.
Clin Exp Dent Res. 2025 Feb;11(1):e70073. doi: 10.1002/cre2.70073.
To assess the state of endodontic practices and identify factors influencing the use of modern endodontic techniques among dental practitioners in Croatia.
A questionnaire was distributed to all dental offices in Croatia, yielding 819 responses (27% response rate). Data were descriptively analyzed and statistically modeled.
Nearly 74% of endodontic treatments in Croatia are performed by general practitioners (17 teeth per month per practitioner), while endodontic specialists handle the highest number of treatments per specialist (67 teeth per month, representing 15% of total treatments). 56% of respondents use radiography before the procedure "always" or "almost always" with intra-oral periapical radiography being the most commonly used technique. Rubber dams are used "never" to "rarely" by 74% of respondents. Apex-locators are highly prevalent, used "almost always" to "always" by 83% of practitioners. Magnifiers are rarely used, with 63% of respondents reporting they "never" use them. Lasers are never used by 92% of respondents, whereas 59% frequently use engine-driven instrumentation. 76% of respondents "always" or "almost always" determine the working length of the root canal. Sodium hypochlorite is the most common irrigant (88%), and EDTA for smear layer removal is used by 36% of respondents. The cold lateral condensation is the most popular obturation technique (64%). CBCT is unused by 59% of responders, most probably because it is not accessible.
Croatian endodontic practices are comparable to those in countries with similar economic status, but there is substantial potential, particularly among general practitioners, to enhance knowledge and awareness of modern technologies through continuous education. Underused techniques in Croatia include rubber dams, magnifiers, lasers, and CBCT.
评估克罗地亚牙髓治疗的现状，并确定影响克罗地亚牙科从业者使用现代牙髓治疗技术的因素。
向克罗地亚所有牙科诊所发放问卷，共收到819份回复（回复率为27%）。对数据进行描述性分析并建立统计模型。
在克罗地亚，近74%的牙髓治疗由全科医生进行（每位医生每月治疗17颗牙齿），而牙髓专科医生每位每月治疗的牙齿数量最多（67颗，占总治疗量的15%）。56%的受访者在治疗前“总是”或“几乎总是”使用影像学检查，口内根尖片是最常用的技术。74%的受访者“从不”至“很少”使用橡皮障。根尖定位仪的使用非常普遍，83%的从业者“几乎总是”至“总是”使用。放大镜很少使用，63%的受访者表示他们“从不”使用。92%的受访者从不使用激光，而59%的人经常使用电动器械。76%的受访者“总是”或“几乎总是”确定根管工作长度。次氯酸钠是最常用的冲洗剂（88%），36%的受访者使用乙二胺四乙酸去除玷污层。冷侧方加压充填是最常用的充填技术（64%）。59%的受访者未使用锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT），很可能是因为无法获得该设备。
克罗地亚的牙髓治疗情况与经济状况相似的国家相当，但仍有很大潜力，特别是在全科医生中，可通过继续教育提高对现代技术的知识和认识。克罗地亚未充分利用的技术包括橡皮障、放大镜、激光和CBCT。
