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Correlation Between Grade of Clinical Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer and Oncologic Outcomes in the Era of Watch-and-Wait.

作者信息

Rosen Roni Y, Bercz Aron P, Omer Dana M, Verheij Floris S, Williams Hannah, Malekzadeh Parisa, Kong Danielle L, Quezada-Diaz Felipe F, Wei Iris H, Widmar Maria, Karagkounis Georgios, Roth O'Brien Diana, Hajj Carla, Crane Christopher H, Gu Ping, Segal Neil H, Shcherba Marina, Ganesh Karuna, Yaeger Rona, Pappou Emmanouil, Romesser Paul B, Nash Garrett M, Saltz Leonard B, Cercek Andrea, Weiser Martin R, Gönen Mithat, Paty Philip B, Garcia-Aguilar Julio, Smith J Joshua

机构信息

Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.

Department Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.

出版信息

Dis Colon Rectum. 2025 Mar 1;68(3):300-307. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000003538. Epub 2024 Nov 18.


DOI:10.1097/DCR.0000000000003538
PMID:39808079
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The watch-and-wait strategy provides an opportunity to pursue nonoperative management in rectal cancer patients with clinical complete response after neoadjuvant therapy. The management of those with near-complete response remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the oncologic outcomes of patients managed by watch-and-wait versus total mesorectal excision according to clinical response to neoadjuvant therapy. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTINGS: Comprehensive cancer center in New York. PATIENTS: Patients with rectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed between January 2006 and December 2020. INTERVENTIONS: A watch-and-wait strategy of active surveillance was offered to patients if they achieved clinical complete response. Salvage surgery was used for watch-and-wait patients with local regrowth. Patients with an incomplete response underwent total mesorectal excision. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Local regrowth rate, organ preservation rate, disease-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: Patients with rectal adenocarcinoma (n = 1230) were divided into 3 response cohorts-incomplete (n = 646), near-complete (n = 189), and complete (n = 395). Eighty-one patients (43%) in the near-complete group and 351 patients (89%) in the complete group entered watch-and-wait. Three-year local regrowth rates were 40% and 24% in the near-complete and complete response cohorts, respectively. The 5-year organ preservation rate was 53% in near-complete responders and 73% in complete responders. Five-year disease-free survival increased with greater clinical response to neoadjuvant therapy, with intermediate outcomes noted for patients with a near-complete (73%) compared to complete (82%) or incomplete (68%) response. Overall survival at 5 years was similar between the 3 cohorts (complete 90%, near-complete 86%, and incomplete 85%). LIMITATIONS: Retrospective nature. CONCLUSIONS: Greater clinical response to neoadjuvant therapy is associated with improved oncologic outcomes. Near-complete responders may avoid surgery and still achieve high organ preservation rates yet experience greater local regrowth rates than clinical complete response patients. Ongoing prospective trials integrating watch-and-wait after complete response as determined by uniform criteria will bolster the work to help treating physicians better select patients who qualify for active surveillance. See Video Abstract . CORRELACIN ENTRE EL GRADO DE RESPUESTA CLNICA A LA TERAPIA NEOADYUVANTE CONTRA EL CNCER DEL RECTO Y LOS RESULTADOS ONCOLGICOS EN LA ERA DE OBSERVAR Y ESPERAR: ANTECEDENTES:La estrategia de observar y esperar brinda la oportunidad de buscar un tratamiento no quirúrgico en pacientes con cáncer del recto con respuesta clínica completa después de la terapia neoadyuvante. El tratamiento de aquellos con respuesta casi completa sigue siendo controversial.OBJETIVO:Evaluamos los resultados oncológicos de los pacientes tratados con observar y esperar versus escisión mesorrectal total según la respuesta clínica a la terapia neoadyuvante.DISEÑO:Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo.CONFIGURACIÓN:Centro oncológico integral en Nueva York.PACIENTES:Pacientes con adenocarcinoma rectal diagnosticado entre enero de 2006 y diciembre de 2020.INTERVENCIONES:Se ofreció una estrategia de observar y esperar de vigilancia activa a los pacientes si lograban una respuesta clínica completa. Se utilizó cirugía de rescate para pacientes en observar y esperar con recrecimiento local. Los pacientes con una respuesta incompleta se sometieron a escisión mesorrectal total.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Tasa de recrecimiento local, tasa de preservación de órganos, supervivencia libre de enfermedad y supervivencia general.RESULTADOS:Los pacientes con adenocarcinoma rectal (n = 1230) se dividieron en 3 cohortes de respuesta: incompleta (n = 646), casi completa (n = 189) y completa (n = 395). Ochenta y un (43%) pacientes en el grupo casi completo y 351 (89%) pacientes en el grupo completo ingresaron en observar y esperar. Las tasas de recrecimiento local a tres años fueron del 40% y 24% en las cohortes de respuesta casi completa y completa, respectivamente. La tasa de preservación de órganos a 5 años fue del 53% en los respondedores casi completos y del 73% en los respondedores completos. La supervivencia libre de enfermedad a cinco años aumentó con una mayor respuesta clínica a la terapia neoadyuvante con resultados intermedios observados para pacientes con una respuesta casi completa (73%) en comparación con la completa (82%) o incompleta (68%). La supervivencia global a los 5 años fue similar entre las tres cohortes (completa 90%, casi completa 86% e incompleta 85%).LIMITACIONES:Naturaleza retrospectiva.CONCLUSIÓN:Una mayor respuesta clínica a la terapia neoadyuvante se asocia con mejores resultados oncológicos. Los pacientes con respuesta casi completa pueden evitar la cirugía y aun así lograr altas tasas de preservación de órganos, pero experimentar mayores tasas de recrecimiento local que los pacientes con respuesta clínica completa. Los ensayos prospectivos en curso que integran observar y esperar después de la respuesta completa según lo determinado por criterios uniformes reforzarán el trabajo para ayudar a los médicos tratantes a seleccionar mejor a los pacientes que califican para la vigilancia activa. (Traducción-Dr. Aurian Garcia Gonzalez ).

摘要

相似文献

[1]
Correlation Between Grade of Clinical Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer and Oncologic Outcomes in the Era of Watch-and-Wait.

Dis Colon Rectum. 2025-3-1

[2]
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[3]
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[4]
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[5]
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[6]
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[7]
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[8]
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[9]
Salvage Surgery With Organ Preservation for Patients With Local Regrowth After Watch and Wait: Is It Still Possible?

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[10]
The Risk of Distant Metastases in Patients With Clinical Complete Response Managed by Watch and Wait After Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer: The Influence of Local Regrowth in the International Watch and Wait Database.

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引用本文的文献

[1]
Near Complete Response: An Opportunity for Organ Preservation in Rectal Cancer.

Ann Surg Oncol. 2025-7

本文引用的文献

[1]
Organ Preservation and Survival by Clinical Response Grade in Patients With Rectal Cancer Treated With Total Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Secondary Analysis of the OPRA Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA Netw Open. 2024-1-2

[2]
Long-Term Results of Organ Preservation in Patients With Rectal Adenocarcinoma Treated With Total Neoadjuvant Therapy: The Randomized Phase II OPRA Trial.

J Clin Oncol. 2024-2-10

[3]
Watch and wait after neoadjuvant treatment in rectal cancer: comparison of outcomes in patients with and without a complete response at first reassessment in the International Watch & Wait Database (IWWD).

Br J Surg. 2023-5-16

[4]
The Risk of Distant Metastases in Patients With Clinical Complete Response Managed by Watch and Wait After Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer: The Influence of Local Regrowth in the International Watch and Wait Database.

Dis Colon Rectum. 2023-1-1

[5]
Defining near-complete response following (chemo)radiotherapy for rectal cancer: systematic review.

Br J Surg. 2022-12-13

[6]
Organ Preservation in Patients With Rectal Adenocarcinoma Treated With Total Neoadjuvant Therapy.

J Clin Oncol. 2022-8-10

[7]
International consensus recommendations on key outcome measures for organ preservation after (chemo)radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer.

Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2021-12

[8]
Achieving a Complete Clinical Response After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation That Does Not Require Surgical Resection: It May Take Longer Than You Think!

Dis Colon Rectum. 2019-7

[9]
Conditional Survival in Patients With Rectal Cancer and Complete Clinical Response Managed by Watch and Wait After Chemoradiation: Recurrence Risk Over Time.

Ann Surg. 2020-7

[10]
Assessment of a Watch-and-Wait Strategy for Rectal Cancer in Patients With a Complete Response After Neoadjuvant Therapy.

JAMA Oncol. 2019-4-11

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