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直肠癌患者接受全新辅助治疗后的器官保存。

Organ Preservation in Patients with Rectal Cancer Treated with Total Neoadjuvant Therapy.

机构信息

Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.

Department of Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.

出版信息

Dis Colon Rectum. 2021 Dec 1;64(12):1463-1470. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002122.


DOI:10.1097/DCR.0000000000002122
PMID:34508014
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8820240/
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Retrospective studies suggest that watch-and-wait is a safe alternative to total mesorectal excision in selected patients with a clinical complete response after chemoradiotherapy. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the proportion of patients with rectal cancer who may benefit from watch-and-wait. DESIGN: This study is a retrospective analysis of data from prospectively maintained databases. SETTING: This study was conducted at a comprehensive cancer center. PATIENTS: Consecutive patients with stage II or III rectal adenocarcinoma who were treated with total neoadjuvant therapy using induction chemotherapy between 2012 and 2019 under the care of the same surgeon were included. INTERVENTION: Induction-type total neoadjuvant therapy consisted of 8 cycles of leucovorin-fluorouracil-oxaliplatin or 5 cycles of capecitabine-oxaliplatin before chemoradiotherapy. Patients with a clinical complete response were offered watch-and-wait, and patients with residual tumor were offered total mesorectal excision. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Tumor response was assessed with a digital rectal examination, endoscopy, and MRI. Patient characteristics and recurrence-free survival were compared between the watch-and-wait group and the total mesorectal excision group. RESULTS: A total of 88 patients were included in the analysis. One (1%) died during neoadjuvant therapy. Fifty-five patients (62.5%) had an incomplete clinical response and underwent surgery, 10 (18%) of the 55 developed distant metastasis, and 3 (5%) developed local recurrence. The remaining 32 patients (36.3%) had a clinical complete response and underwent watch-and-wait. On average, patients in the watch-and-wait group were older and had smaller, more distal tumors compared with patients in the surgery group. The median radiation dose, number of chemotherapy cycles, rate of adverse events, and length of follow-up did not differ substantively between the total mesorectal excision group and the watch-and-wait group. In the watch-and-wait group, 2 (6%) patients developed tumor regrowth, and one of them had distant metastasis. Recurrence-free survival was significantly higher in the watch-and-wait group. LIMITATIONS: Generalizability, sample size, and follow-up duration were limitations of this study. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one-third of patients with stage II or III rectal cancer can benefit from a watch-and-wait approach with the aim of preserving the rectum if treated with induction-type total neoadjuvant therapy and followed by an experienced multidisciplinary team. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B688. CONSERVACIN DE RGANOS EN PACIENTES CON CNCER DE RECTO TRATADOS CON TERAPIA NEOADYUVANTE TOTAL: ANTECEDENTES:Estudios retrospectivos sugieren que observar y esperar es una alternativa segura a la escisión mesorrectal total en pacientes seleccionados con una respuesta clínica completa después de la quimiorradioterapia.OBJETIVO:Determinar la proporción de pacientes con cáncer de recto que pueden beneficiarse de observar y esperar.DISEÑO:Análisis retrospectivo de datos de bases de datos mantenidas de forma prospectiva.ESCENARIO:Centro Oncológico Integral.PACIENTES:Pacientes consecutivos con adenocarcinoma de recto en estadio II o III tratados con TNT utilizando quimioterapia de inducción entre 2012 y 2019 bajo el cuidado del mismo cirujano.INTERVENCIÓN:La terapia neoadyuvante total de tipo inducción consistió en ocho ciclos de leucovorín-fluorouracilo-oxaliplatino o cinco ciclos de capecitabina-oxaliplatino antes de la quimiorradioterapia. A los pacientes con una respuesta clínica completa se les ofreció observar y esperar, y a los pacientes con tumor residual se les ofreció la escisión mesorrectal total.PRINCIPALES RESULTADOS Y MEDIDAS:La respuesta del tumor se evaluó con un tacto rectal, endoscopia y resonancia magnética. Se compararon las características de los pacientes y la supervivencia libre de recurrencia entre el grupo de observación y espera y el grupo de escisión mesorrectal total.RESULTADOS:Se incluyó en el análisis a un total de 88 pacientes. Uno (1%) murió durante la terapia neoadyuvante. Cincuenta y cinco pacientes (62.5%) tuvieron una respuesta clínica incompleta y se sometieron a cirugía; 10 (18%) de los 55 desarrollaron metástasis a distancia y 3 (5%) desarrollaron recidiva local. Los 32 pacientes restantes (36.3%) tuvieron una cCR (respuesta clínica completa) y se sometieron a observar y esperar. En promedio, los pacientes del grupo de observación y espera eran mayores y tenían tumores más pequeños y distales en comparación con el grupo de cirugía. La dosis mediana de radiación, el número de ciclos de quimioterapia, la tasa de eventos adversos y la duración del seguimiento no difirieron sustancialmente entre el grupo de escisión mesorrectal total y el grupo de observación y espera. En el grupo de observación y espera, 2 (6%) pacientes desarrollaron recrecimiento del tumor y uno de ellos tuvo metástasis a distancia. La supervivencia libre de recurrencia fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de observación y espera.LIMITACIONES:Generalizabilidad, tamaño de la muestra, duración del seguimiento.CONCLUSIONES:Aproximadamente un tercio de los pacientes con cáncer de recto en estadio II o III pueden beneficiarse de un abordaje de observación y espera con el objetivo de preservar el recto si se tratan con terapia neoadyuvante total de tipo inducción y son seguidos por un equipo multidisciplinario experimentado. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B688.

摘要

背景:回顾性研究表明,在接受放化疗后临床完全缓解的患者中,选择 watch-and-wait 是一种安全的替代全直肠系膜切除术的方法。

目的:本研究旨在确定可能受益于 watch-and-wait 的直肠癌患者的比例。

设计:本研究是对前瞻性维护的数据库中的数据进行的回顾性分析。

地点:在一个综合性癌症中心进行。

患者:连续的 II 期或 III 期直肠腺癌患者,在同一位外科医生的治疗下,于 2012 年至 2019 年期间接受全新辅助治疗,包括诱导化疗。

干预:诱导型全新辅助治疗包括 8 个周期的亚叶酸-氟尿嘧啶-奥沙利铂或 5 个周期的卡培他滨-奥沙利铂,然后进行放化疗。对临床完全缓解的患者采用 watch-and-wait 策略,对有残留肿瘤的患者采用全直肠系膜切除术。

主要结果和测量指标:通过直肠指检、内镜和 MRI 评估肿瘤反应。比较 watch-and-wait 组和全直肠系膜切除术组的患者特征和无复发生存率。

结果:共纳入 88 例患者进行分析。1 例(1%)患者在新辅助治疗期间死亡。55 例(62.5%)患者未完全缓解,行手术治疗,其中 10 例(18%)发生远处转移,3 例(5%)发生局部复发。其余 32 例(36.3%)患者有临床完全缓解,行 watch-and-wait。平均而言,与手术组相比,watch-and-wait 组的患者年龄更大,肿瘤更小,位置更靠后。全直肠系膜切除术组和 watch-and-wait 组的中位放疗剂量、化疗周期数、不良事件发生率和随访时间均无显著差异。在 watch-and-wait 组中,2 例(6%)患者肿瘤复发,其中 1 例发生远处转移。watch-and-wait 组的无复发生存率显著较高。

局限性:本研究的推广性、样本量和随访时间是其局限性。

结论:如果接受诱导型全新辅助治疗并由经验丰富的多学科团队进行后续治疗,大约三分之一的 II 期或 III 期直肠癌患者可以从 watch-and-wait 方法中获益,目的是保留直肠。请观看视频摘要,网址:http://links.lww.com/DCR/B688。

相似文献

[1]
Organ Preservation in Patients with Rectal Cancer Treated with Total Neoadjuvant Therapy.

Dis Colon Rectum. 2021-12-1

[2]
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Dis Colon Rectum. 2022-3-1

[3]
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[4]
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[5]
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[6]
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[7]
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[8]
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[9]
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[10]
The Risk of Distant Metastases in Patients With Clinical Complete Response Managed by Watch and Wait After Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer: The Influence of Local Regrowth in the International Watch and Wait Database.

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引用本文的文献

[1]
No operation after short-course radiotherapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (NOAHS-ARC): study protocol for a prospective, phase II trial.

Int J Colorectal Dis. 2025-3-18

[2]
Therapeutic Management of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Existing and Prospective Approaches.

J Clin Med. 2025-1-30

[3]
Analysis of clinical and pathological prognostic factors of survival in rectal adenocarcinoma treated with preoperative radiochemotherapy.

Acta Cir Bras. 2025-2-10

[4]
A management of patients achieving clinical complete response after neoadjuvant therapy and perspectives: on locally advanced rectal cancer.

Front Oncol. 2025-1-8

[5]
Rectal Cancer Watch-and-Wait Management: Experience of 545 Patients From the US Rectal Cancer Research Group.

Dis Colon Rectum. 2025-2-1

[6]
Dynamics of cell-free tumor DNA correlate with early MRI response during chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer.

Radiat Oncol. 2024-11-6

[7]
Organ preservation after neoadjuvant long-course chemoradiotherapy versus short-course radiotherapy.

Ann Oncol. 2024-11

[8]
Rectal adenocarcinoma: Ex vivo 9.4T MRI-correlation with histopathologic treatment response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Cancer Med. 2024-8

[9]
Personalized medicine for locally advanced rectal cancer: five years of complete clinical response after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy-a case report with a literature review.

Front Surg. 2024-3-25

[10]
The Impact on Survival of Neoadjuvant Treatment Interruptions in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients.

J Pers Med. 2024-2-29

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