Kioko Caroline, Blanford Justine
ITC Faculty Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2024 Dec 14;28:e00399. doi: 10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00399. eCollection 2025 Feb.
Malaria remains a public health concern in Kenya where children and pregnant women are vulnerable groups. The common interventions in place to fight malaria include using insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), knowledge and awareness about malaria, and intake of malaria anti-malaria drugs. Despite the availability of these interventions, Kenya still records more than 10,000 clinical cases annually. In this study, we examined how malaria and interventions varied across Kenya for 2015 and 2020. We analyzed the Kenya Malaria Indicator Survey ( = 10,072) for 2015 and, ( = 11,549) for 2020, and climate data with Fuzzy overlay method to examine how malaria and its interventions relate to environmental conditions required for malaria. The study found that 79 % of malaria cases were distributed in lake endemic, 11 % in coastal endemic, 7 % in highland epidemic, and 3 % in seasonal zone. Use of Insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) was 77 % in lake endemic, 13 % in coastal endemic, 9 % in highland epidemic, and 1 % in seasonal zone. Knowledge about malaria was 82 % in lake endemic, 9 % in highland epidemic, 6 % in coastal endemic, and 3 % in seasonal zone. Additionally, based on climate data, lake endemic zone was 94 % suitable for malaria transmission compared to other zones. Despite the use of ITNs and awareness about malaria, malaria transmission continues to be a threat especially in counties in the lake endemic zone. Furthermore, place of residence, climate factors, ownership of ITNs may be associated with malaria in the region.
疟疾在肯尼亚仍然是一个公共卫生问题，儿童和孕妇是弱势群体。现有的抗击疟疾的常见干预措施包括使用经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐（ITN）、疟疾知识和意识以及服用抗疟疾药物。尽管有这些干预措施，肯尼亚每年仍记录有超过10000例临床病例。在本研究中，我们调查了2015年和2020年肯尼亚各地疟疾及其干预措施的差异。我们分析了2015年的肯尼亚疟疾指标调查（n = 10072）和2020年的（n = 11549），并使用模糊叠加法分析气候数据，以研究疟疾及其干预措施与疟疾所需环境条件之间的关系。研究发现，79%的疟疾病例分布在湖泊流行区，11%在沿海流行区，7%在高地流行区，3%在季节性区域。在湖泊流行区，经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐（ITN）的使用率为77%，在沿海流行区为13%，在高地流行区为9%，在季节性区域为1%。在湖泊流行区，疟疾知识知晓率为82%，在高地流行区为9%，在沿海流行区为6%，在季节性区域为3%。此外，根据气候数据，与其他区域相比，湖泊流行区有94%适合疟疾传播。尽管使用了ITN并提高了对疟疾的认识，但疟疾传播仍然是一个威胁，尤其是在湖泊流行区的各县。此外，居住地点、气候因素、ITN的拥有情况可能与该地区的疟疾有关。
