Thakur Jarnail Singh, Rana Anjali, Kaur Rajbir, Paika Ronika, Konreddy Srikanth, Wiktorowicz Mary
Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
World NCD Federation, Centre of Excellence for Evidence-based Research on NCDs in LMICs, Chandigarh, India.
One Health. 2024 Dec 9;20:100946. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100946. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the biggest threats to health globally. The rise of AMR has been largely attributed to the misuse and abuse of antimicrobials in veterinary, human, and agricultural medicine. This study aimed to assess human, livestock, and agricultural health profiles, and practices of One Health and antibiotic use through a situational analysis of an Indigenous village Gurah, in a rural area of Mohali district in Punjab state using a demographic and facility survey. A survey questionnaire was used to collect information on the village's socio-demographic, human, livestock, and agricultural profiles. The study included 77 households from the village Gurah, with the majority i.e., 71.4 % engaged in agricultural activity and 68.8 % with livestock. Survey results showed that self-reported adherence to any medicine prescribed by doctors was high (92.3 %) and self-medication reported by the respondents was 11 %. Forty-two percent of antibiotic consumption was verified from prescription. The major crops grown in the village were exposed to pesticides, and most dairy and non-dairy products were sold in markets, with consumers unaware of any pesticide or antibiotic exposure. Additionally, villagers were unaware of disease diagnosis and the medicines their livestock consumed. Findings from veterinarians revealed that around 50 % of the livestock was given antibiotics for treatment for mastitis. In our study, 67.9 % of the green fodder for animals was homegrown and pesticide use was reported. The study reported that 81.1 % of the animal feed additives were purchased from the market and farmers might be unaware whether commercially-purchased feed contains antibiotics. The results provide a picture of the current situation and guide further research for the containment of AMR under the One Health approach. Inadequate multi-sectoral and cross-disciplinary efforts to combating AMR in current practice call for prompt coordinated action integral to a "One Health approach."
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是全球健康面临的最大威胁之一。AMR的出现很大程度上归因于兽药、人类医学和农业中抗菌药物的滥用。本研究旨在通过对旁遮普邦莫哈利区农村地区一个原住民村庄古拉进行人口和设施调查，对人类、牲畜和农业健康状况以及“同一健康”和抗生素使用情况进行情景分析。通过调查问卷收集了该村庄的社会人口、人类、牲畜和农业状况信息。该研究涵盖了古拉村的77户家庭，其中大多数（即71.4%）从事农业活动，68.8%从事畜牧业。调查结果显示，自我报告对医生开的任何药物的依从性很高（92.3%），受访者报告的自我用药率为11%。42%的抗生素消费可通过处方核实。村里种植的主要作物接触过农药，大多数乳制品和非乳制品在市场上销售，消费者不知道有任何农药或抗生素接触情况。此外，村民们不知道疾病诊断情况以及他们的牲畜所服用的药物。兽医的调查结果显示，约50%的牲畜因乳腺炎接受抗生素治疗。在我们的研究中，67.9%的动物青饲料是自家种植的，且报告了农药使用情况。研究报告称，81.1%的动物饲料添加剂是从市场购买的，农民可能不知道商业购买的饲料是否含有抗生素。这些结果描绘了当前的状况，并为在“同一健康”方法下遏制AMR的进一步研究提供了指导。当前实践中抗击AMR的多部门和跨学科努力不足，需要迅速采取协调一致的行动，这是“同一健康”方法不可或缺的一部分。
