Khairani Astrid Feinisa, Harmonia Shella, Chou Yoan, Alfarafisa Nayla Majeda, Ramadhanti Julia
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 2025 Jan 9;17:1-10. doi: 10.2147/BCTT.S490532. eCollection 2025.
The high mortality rate of breast cancer motivates researchers to search for effective treatments. Due to their ability to simulate human conditions, xenograft models such as CDX (Cell line-Derived Xenografts) and PDX (Patient-Derived Xenografts) have gained popularity in pre-clinical research. The choice of xenograft technique is influenced by the type of tumor employed, particularly in more aggressive tumor models like TNBC with metastases. Subcutaneous or orthotopic implantation may influence tumor engraftment rates and the applicability of the models for drug testing. To optimize xenograft models and support the development of breast cancer drugs, selecting a suitable transplantation technique is essential to attaining the best results.
This scoping review used PRISMA-Scr methodology to summarize findings from eleven articles published between 2012 and 2024 on pre-clinical trials related to xenograft models for breast cancer considering PDX began traction after 2010. Using specific criteria, the review included studies from electronic platforms. The inclusion criteria ensured relevant English sources were available in full text, while the exclusion criteria eliminated certain types of articles and inadequately comprehensive studies.
Subcutaneous and orthotopic implantation are critical methods for xenograft models in cancer research. Subcutaneous implantation is less invasive and more manageable but does not fully mimic the tumor's natural environment. Orthotopic implantation accurately mimic the migration, invasion, and molecular characteristics of the original tumor, although the procedure is more complex and requires specialized techniques. The specific research objectives determine their choice, the need for accurate tumor replication, and the testing convenience.
Orthotopic implantation is the preferable method for developing PDX and CDX models of breast cancer because it closely mimics the tumor microenvironment and metastatic behavior, yielding clinically relevant results for drug testing. Subcutaneous implantation may result in higher engraftment rates, but it cannot accurately represent the complexity of tumors.
乳腺癌的高死亡率促使研究人员寻找有效的治疗方法。由于能够模拟人体状况，异种移植模型，如CDX（细胞系衍生异种移植物）和PDX（患者衍生异种移植物），在临床前研究中越来越受欢迎。异种移植技术的选择受所用肿瘤类型的影响，特别是在像三阴性乳腺癌伴转移这样更具侵袭性的肿瘤模型中。皮下或原位植入可能会影响肿瘤植入率以及模型用于药物测试的适用性。为了优化异种移植模型并支持乳腺癌药物的开发，选择合适的移植技术对于获得最佳结果至关重要。
本范围综述使用PRISMA-Scr方法，总结了2012年至2024年间发表的11篇关于乳腺癌异种移植模型的临床前试验的文章的研究结果，考虑到PDX在2010年后开始受到关注。该综述使用特定标准纳入了来自电子平台的研究。纳入标准确保相关英文来源有全文可用，而排除标准则排除了某些类型的文章和不够全面的研究。
皮下和原位植入是癌症研究中异种移植模型的关键方法。皮下植入侵入性较小且更易于管理，但不能完全模拟肿瘤的自然环境。原位植入能准确模拟原发肿瘤的迁移、侵袭和分子特征，尽管该操作更复杂且需要专门技术。具体的研究目标决定了对它们的选择、对准确肿瘤复制的需求以及测试的便利性。
原位植入是开发乳腺癌PDX和CDX模型的首选方法，因为它能紧密模拟肿瘤微环境和转移行为，为药物测试产生与临床相关的结果。皮下植入可能导致更高的植入率，但它不能准确代表肿瘤的复杂性。
