Motamedi-Sedeh Farahnaz, Khorasani Akbar, Lotfi Mohsen, Moosavi Seyed Morteza, Arbabi Arash, Hosseini Seyedeh Maede
Department of Veterinary and Animal Diseases, Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran.
Department of FMD Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
Vet Res Forum. 2024;15(12):681-689. doi: 10.30466/vrf.2024.2022838.4172. Epub 2024 Dec 15.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is the causative agent of the emerging zoonotic respiratory disease. One of the most important prerequisites for combating emerging diseases is the development of vaccines within a short period of time. In this study, antigen-irradiated, inactivated SARS-CoV-2 viruses and the disaccharide trehalose were used to enhance immune responses in the Syrian hamster. The SARS-CoV-2 virus was isolated from tracheal swabs, confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and propagated on Vero cells. For inactivation, it was irradiated with 14.00 kGy gamma radiation. Evaluation of the antigenic properties of the spike protein subunit S1 showed that the antigens were intact after gamma irradiation. The gamma-irradiated and formalin-treated viruses were used to immunize hamsters in four vaccine formulations. Neutralizing antibodies increased significantly in all vaccinated groups three weeks after the second and third vaccinations. The concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A in the irradiated vaccine plus trehalose increased significantly in nasal lavage and nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue fluids three weeks after the second and third vaccinations. The lymphocyte proliferation test in the spleen showed a significant increase in all vaccinated hamsters, but the increase was greater in irradiated vaccine plus trehalose and irradiated vaccine plus alum. We can recommend the irradiated inactivated vaccine SARS-CoV-2 plus trehalose (intra-nasal) and another irradiated inactivated vaccine SARS-CoV-2 plus alum (subcutaneous) as safe vaccines against coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), which can stimulate mucosal, humeral, and cellular immunities. However, the protectivity of the vaccine against COVID-19 in vaccinated hamsters must be investigated in a challenge test to assess the potency and efficiency of vaccine.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）是一种新出现的人畜共患呼吸道疾病的病原体。应对新出现疾病的最重要前提之一是在短时间内研发出疫苗。在本研究中，用经抗原照射的灭活SARS-CoV-2病毒和二糖海藻糖来增强叙利亚仓鼠的免疫反应。从气管拭子中分离出SARS-CoV-2病毒，通过实时聚合酶链反应进行确认，并在Vero细胞上进行培养。为使其灭活，用14.00千戈瑞的伽马射线进行照射。对刺突蛋白亚基S1的抗原特性评估表明，伽马射线照射后抗原保持完整。用伽马射线照射和福尔马林处理过的病毒，以四种疫苗配方对仓鼠进行免疫接种。在第二次和第三次接种三周后，所有接种组的中和抗体均显著增加。在第二次和第三次接种三周后，照射疫苗加海藻糖组鼻灌洗液和鼻咽相关淋巴组织液中的分泌型免疫球蛋白A浓度显著增加。脾脏淋巴细胞增殖试验显示，所有接种疫苗的仓鼠均有显著增加，但照射疫苗加海藻糖组和照射疫苗加明矾组的增加幅度更大。我们推荐照射灭活疫苗SARS-CoV-2加海藻糖（鼻内接种）和另一种照射灭活疫苗SARS-CoV-2加明矾（皮下接种）作为针对2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的安全疫苗，它们可刺激黏膜、体液和细胞免疫。然而，必须通过攻毒试验研究疫苗对接种疫苗仓鼠的COVID-19保护作用，以评估疫苗的效力和效率。
