Redman-White Carys J, Moran Dominic, Peters Andrew R, Muwonge Adrian
Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems (GAAFS), The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Supporting Evidence-Based Interventions in Livestock (SEBI-L), The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Front Antibiot. 2023 Aug 4;2:1209552. doi: 10.3389/frabi.2023.1209552. eCollection 2023.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health and a key One Health challenge linking humans, animals, and the environment. Livestock are a key target for moderation of antimicrobial use (AMU), which is a major driver of AMR in these species. While some studies have assessed AMU and AMR in individual production systems, the evidence regarding predictors of AMU and AMR in livestock is fragmented, with significant research gaps in identifying the predictors of AMU and AMR common across farming systems. This review summarizes existing knowledge to identify key practices and critical control points determining on-farm AMU/AMR determinants for pigs, layer and broiler hens, beef and dairy cattle, sheep, turkeys, and farmed salmon in Europe. The quality and quantity of evidence differed between livestock types, with sheep, beef cattle, laying hens, turkeys and salmon underrepresented. Interventions to mitigate both AMU and/or AMR highlighted in these studies included biosecurity and herd health plans. Organic production typically showed significantly lower AMU across species, but even in antibiotic-free systems, varying AMR levels were identified in livestock microflora. Although vaccination is frequently implemented as part of herd health plans, its effects on AMU/AMR remain unclear at farm level. Social and behavioral factors were identified as important influences on AMU. The study fills a conspicuous gap in the existing AMR and One Health literatures examining links between farm management practices and AMU and AMR in European livestock production.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是对全球健康的重大威胁，也是连接人类、动物和环境的关键“同一健康”挑战。家畜是控制抗菌药物使用（AMU）的关键目标，而抗菌药物使用是这些物种中抗菌药物耐药性的主要驱动因素。虽然一些研究评估了个别生产系统中的抗菌药物使用和抗菌药物耐药性，但关于家畜抗菌药物使用和耐药性预测因素的证据零散，在确定不同养殖系统中抗菌药物使用和耐药性的共同预测因素方面存在重大研究空白。本综述总结现有知识，以确定欧洲猪、蛋鸡和肉鸡、肉牛和奶牛、绵羊、火鸡以及养殖鲑鱼养殖场中决定抗菌药物使用/耐药性的关键做法和关键控制点。不同家畜类型的证据质量和数量有所不同，绵羊、肉牛、蛋鸡、火鸡和鲑鱼的研究较少。这些研究中强调的减轻抗菌药物使用和/或耐药性的干预措施包括生物安全和畜群健康计划。有机生产通常显示出各物种的抗菌药物使用显著较低，但即使在无抗生素系统中，家畜微生物群中也发现了不同水平的耐药性。虽然疫苗接种经常作为畜群健康计划的一部分实施，但其对抗菌药物使用/耐药性的影响在农场层面仍不清楚。社会和行为因素被确定为对抗菌药物使用的重要影响因素。该研究填补了现有抗菌药物耐药性和“同一健康”文献中一个明显的空白，该空白涉及欧洲家畜生产中农场管理实践与抗菌药物使用和耐药性之间的联系。
