Wada Makoto, Hayashi Katsuya, Seino Kai, Ishii Naomi, Nawa Taemi, Nishimaki Kengo
Developmental Disorders Section, Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan.
Information and Support Center for Persons with Developmental Disorders, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan.
Front Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2023 May 2;2:1177075. doi: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1177075. eCollection 2023.
Issues in sensory processing (hereafter, sensory issues) associated with neurodevelopmental disorders are known to be particularly prominent from 6 to 9 years of age and are a critical issue in school life. These issues affect each individual's quality of life. Some of the issues are known to be relieved by self-care while some are not.
To clarify the sensory issues that cannot be managed by self-care, this study examined self-care for sensory issues among people with neurodevelopmental disorders using a web survey. The survey encompassed questions about neurodevelopmental disorders, the sensory issues individuals experience, and the kind of self-care they perform. In the qualitative analysis, each was categorized by the type of sensory modality; we further scrutinized the descriptions of self-care, which were collected simultaneously, and examined how each problem was addressed.
Self-care was categorized as "physically blocking," "leaving from," "relaxing," "devising," "help from others," "taking medication," "coping with body," "others," or "could not cope." Based on these findings, we quantitatively compared the frequency of sensory issues that could and could not be managed by self-care. Consequently, significantly higher percentages of the participants stated that they experienced difficulties in managing problems about "body representations," "contact with humans," "selective listening," and "force control." In contrast, significantly more participants stated that they could manage problems related to "loud sound" and "dazzling".
In this study, qualitative analysis allowed us to categorize methods of self-care for sensory issues, and quantitative research allowed us to identify issues that were difficult to manage. While it was possible to manage strong light and sound using sunglasses, earplugs, and so on, problems related to the senses of proprioception, selective attention, and so on were clearly difficult to manage.
已知与神经发育障碍相关的感觉加工问题（以下简称感觉问题）在6至9岁时尤为突出，是学校生活中的一个关键问题。这些问题会影响每个人的生活质量。其中一些问题已知可通过自我护理得到缓解，而另一些则不能。
为了阐明无法通过自我护理解决的感觉问题，本研究通过网络调查对神经发育障碍患者的感觉问题自我护理情况进行了调查。该调查涵盖了有关神经发育障碍、个体所经历的感觉问题以及他们所进行的自我护理类型的问题。在定性分析中，每个问题都按感觉模态类型进行了分类；我们进一步仔细审查了同时收集的自我护理描述，并研究了每个问题是如何解决的。
自我护理被分类为“身体阻挡”“离开”“放松”“设计”“他人帮助”“服药”“应对身体”“其他”或“无法应对”。基于这些发现，我们定量比较了可通过自我护理解决和无法解决的感觉问题的频率。结果显示，显著更高比例的参与者表示他们在处理“身体表征”“与他人接触”“选择性倾听”和“力量控制”方面的问题时遇到困难。相比之下，显著更多的参与者表示他们能够处理与“大声响”和“耀眼”相关的问题。
在本研究中，定性分析使我们能够对感觉问题的自我护理方法进行分类，定量研究使我们能够识别难以处理的问题。虽然使用太阳镜、耳塞等可以处理强光和噪音，但与本体感觉、选择性注意力等相关的问题显然难以处理。
