Hanlon R T, Forsythe J W
Lab Anim Sci. 1985 Feb;35(1):33-40.
Five species of Octopus were cultured in pilot, large-scale 2,600 liter circulating seawater systems. Improvements in system design, water management and culture methodology were described. These five species all produced large eggs and correspondingly large hatchlings that had no planktonic or larval stage and thus were easier to culture. Octopuses grew well only when fed live marine crustaceans, fishes and other molluscs. Growth occurred as a 4-7% increase in body weight per day during the early exponential growth phase and 2-4% during the latter 1/2 to 3/4 of the life cycle, which ranged from 6-15 months depending upon species. All species reproduced in captivity. Survival was 70-80% when octopuses were reared in individual containers, but in group culture survival dropped to as low as 40% by the adult stage. Causes of mortality were species-specific and included hatchling abnormalities, escapes, aggression, cannibalism, disease, senescence and laboratory accidents. Octopus bimaculoides showed superior qualities for laboratory culture. The future potential of providing American scientists with laboratory-cultured octopuses was discussed along with their uses in biomedical research.
在中试规模的 2600 升循环海水系统中养殖了五种章鱼。描述了系统设计、水质管理和养殖方法的改进。这五种章鱼都产出大卵以及相应的大幼体，这些幼体没有浮游或幼虫阶段，因此更易于养殖。章鱼只有在投喂活的海洋甲壳类动物、鱼类和其他软体动物时才能良好生长。在早期指数生长阶段，体重每天增加 4 - 7%，在生命周期的后半段至四分之三阶段，体重每天增加 2 - 4%，生命周期为 6 - 15 个月，具体取决于物种。所有物种在圈养条件下都能繁殖。当章鱼在单独的容器中饲养时，存活率为 70 - 80%，但在群体养殖中，到成年阶段存活率会降至低至 40%。死亡原因因物种而异，包括幼体异常、逃脱、攻击、同类相食、疾病、衰老和实验室事故。双斑章鱼在实验室养殖方面表现出优越的特性。讨论了为美国科学家提供实验室养殖章鱼的未来潜力以及它们在生物医学研究中的用途。
