Mertehikian Yasmin A, Parrado Emilio A
University of Pennsylvania.
Sociol Dev (Oakl). 2024 Summer;10(2):138-178. doi: 10.1525/sod.2023.0013. Epub 2024 Jan 9.
This paper investigates gender differences in the short- and longer-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment status in Argentina. Using individual cross-sectional and panel data from household surveys, we compare employment status (inactive, unemployed, self-employed, or employed, distinguishing between the formal and informal sectors) before, immediately after, and a year after the pandemic. We examine how gender intersects with education and age in affecting employment status transitions and the extent to which COVID-19 deepened gender, educational, and age inequalities. In the short term, the pandemic impacted the labor market position of men and women similarly. Partly because of the labor market policies of Argentina, the pandemic idled both men and women, particularly those in the informal sector but also the self-employed. However, after the pandemic, men regained their pre-pandemic status while women remained (or became) inactive. Within genders, labor market recovery varied with education and age. Young and less educated women were more exposed to the immediate and longer-term negative effects in a manner not observed among men. The pandemic accentuated not only gender inequalities in the labor market but also socioeconomic inequalities among women.
本文研究了新冠疫情对阿根廷就业状况的短期和长期影响中的性别差异。利用家庭调查中的个体横断面数据和面板数据，我们比较了疫情之前、刚结束后以及一年后的就业状况（不活跃、失业、个体经营或就业，区分正规部门和非正规部门）。我们考察了性别如何与教育和年龄相互作用，影响就业状况的转变，以及新冠疫情在多大程度上加剧了性别、教育和年龄不平等。短期内，疫情对男性和女性劳动力市场地位的影响相似。部分由于阿根廷的劳动力市场政策，疫情使男性和女性都处于闲置状态，尤其是非正规部门的人员以及个体经营者。然而，疫情过后，男性恢复到了疫情前的状态，而女性仍然（或变得）不活跃。在不同性别内部，劳动力市场的复苏因教育程度和年龄而异。年轻且受教育程度较低的女性比男性更易受到直接和长期的负面影响。疫情不仅加剧了劳动力市场中的性别不平等，也加剧了女性之间的社会经济不平等。
