Djoulissa Louis-Jean, Tandukar Sarmila, Schmitz Bradley W, Innes Gabriel K, Gerba Charles P, Pepper Ian L, Sherchan Samendra P
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America.
Organization for Public Health and Environment Management, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Sci Total Environ. 2025 Feb 1;963:178101. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.178101. Epub 2025 Jan 17.
Given their abundance in human fecal samples, crAssphage and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) are proposed as indicators for human enteric viruses. This study measured crAssphage and PMMoV in raw sewage samples (n = 24) between June 2014 and May 2015 from two wastewater treatment facilities in southern Arizona, USA. Both crAssphage and PMMoV were detected in nearly 100% of samples. The greatest incidence of crAssphage typically occurred during late-winter to spring seasons, as concentrations reached 8.63 and 8.38 log copies/L in May and February. Meanwhile, PMMoV was significantly (p < 0.05) higher during the fall season, with concentrations at 8.69 and 9.12 log copies/L in September and October. Among the two tested indicators, a positive correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between PMMoV and tested human enteric viruses (norovirus genogroups I, II, adenovirus, and Aichi virus). Due to abundance, presence, and correlation with other viruses, PMMoV may be used as an appropriate indicator for human enteric viruses.
鉴于crAssphage噬菌体和辣椒轻斑驳病毒（PMMoV）在人类粪便样本中含量丰富，它们被提议作为人类肠道病毒的指标。本研究对2014年6月至2015年5月期间从美国亚利桑那州南部两个废水处理设施采集的原污水样本（n = 24）中的crAssphage噬菌体和PMMoV进行了检测。几乎100%的样本中都检测到了crAssphage噬菌体和PMMoV。crAssphage噬菌体的最高发生率通常发生在冬末至春季，5月和2月的浓度分别达到8.63和8.38 log拷贝/升。与此同时，PMMoV在秋季的含量显著更高（p < 0.05），9月和10月的浓度分别为8.69和9.12 log拷贝/升。在这两个测试指标中，观察到PMMoV与测试的人类肠道病毒（诺如病毒基因组I、II、腺病毒和爱知病毒）之间存在正相关（p < 0.05）。由于其含量丰富、存在以及与其他病毒的相关性，PMMoV可作为人类肠道病毒的合适指标。
