Chen Chen, Zhao Chenyu, Jin Hongyu, Jiang Zhiping, Wang Wei, Li Wen-Yang
Respiratory and Critical Care Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Department of China Medical University, School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Jan 3;11:1501352. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1501352. eCollection 2024.
The Circadian Syndrome (CircS) has been linked to various chronic diseases. However, the relationship between composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and CircS has remained unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between CDAI and CircS.
Cross-sectional analyses were based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018. Dietary consumption was assessed via the 24-h diet recall method and CDAI was computed following a validated approach involving six antioxidants. CircS was defined based on metabolic syndrome components, supplemented by short sleep duration and depressive symptoms. The relationship between CDAI and CircS was examined using weighted multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analyses. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression was employed to investigate potential nonlinear correlations.
Among 11,048 subjects included (mean age 47.57 years), 2,733 (weighted prevalence = 22.13%) were reported to have CircS. Logistic regression revealed that the highest quartile of CDAI was inversely associated with the risk of CircS {odds ratio (OR) [95% CI = 0.69 (0.55-0.87)]} and the risk of depression [OR = 0.59 (0.48-0.72)], short sleep duration [OR = 0.54 (0.41-0.70)], elevated fasting glucose [OR = 0.80 (0.65-0.98)], elevated triglycerides (TG) [OR = 0.74 (0.59-0.92)], elevated waist circumference [OR = 0.65, (0.52-0.80)] and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [OR = 0.75 (0.61-0.92)], respectively. A dose-response gradient in odds of CircS components was noted as CDAI levels increased, particularly with depression and short sleep duration. RCS showed a non-linear relationship between CDAI and CircS, with a U-shaped correlation found between Zinc and CircS (inflection point 12.63). Subgroup analysis showed BMI modified the inverse association between CDAI and CircS ( for interaction = 0.003).
This study revealed a non-linear and negative association between CDAI and CircS risk, with a U-shaped correlation observed between Zinc and CircS. Obese individuals might not benefit from excessively high CDAI. The results suggest that a higher CDAI score was correlated with a decreased risk of CircS.
昼夜节律综合征（CircS）与多种慢性疾病有关。然而，复合膳食抗氧化指数（CDAI）与CircS之间的关系尚未得到探索。本研究旨在调查CDAI与CircS之间的潜在关联。
横断面分析基于2005 - 2018年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）。通过24小时饮食回忆法评估饮食摄入量，并按照一种经过验证的涉及六种抗氧化剂的方法计算CDAI。CircS根据代谢综合征成分定义，并辅以短睡眠时间和抑郁症状。使用加权多变量逻辑回归和亚组分析来研究CDAI与CircS之间的关系。此外，采用受限立方样条（RCS）回归来研究潜在的非线性相关性。
在纳入的11048名受试者（平均年龄47.57岁）中，有2733人（加权患病率 = 22.13%）被报告患有CircS。逻辑回归显示，CDAI的最高四分位数与CircS风险呈负相关{比值比（OR）[95%置信区间 = 0.69（0.55 - 0.87）]}，与抑郁风险[OR = 0.59（0.48 - 0.72）]、短睡眠时间[OR = 0.54（0.41 - 0.70）]、空腹血糖升高[OR = 0.80（0.65 - 0.98）]、甘油三酯（TG）升高[OR = 0.74（0.59 - 0.92）]、腰围增加[OR = 0.65，（0.52 - 0.80）]以及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL - C）降低[OR = 0.75（0.61 - 0.92）]分别呈负相关。随着CDAI水平升高，CircS各成分的比值比呈现剂量反应梯度，尤其是与抑郁和短睡眠时间相关。RCS显示CDAI与CircS之间存在非线性关系，锌与CircS之间存在U型相关性（拐点为12.63）。亚组分析显示，体重指数（BMI）改变了CDAI与CircS之间的负相关关系（交互作用P = 0.003）。
本研究揭示了CDAI与CircS风险之间存在非线性负相关，锌与CircS之间存在U型相关性。肥胖个体可能无法从过高的CDAI中获益。结果表明，较高的CDAI得分与较低的CircS风险相关。
